ArticleMicrobial pathogenesis2022
Evaluating the immunogenicity of gold nanoparticles conjugated RBD with Freund's adjuvant as a potential vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
Article in Microbial pathogenesis, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibody response induced by structural proteins fromFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Amino Compound-Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles for SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Vaccination as a Promising Approach in Cardiovascular Risk Mitigation: Are We Ready to Embrace a Vaccine Strategy?Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Nanoparticles and Antiviral Vaccines.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Updates on the Biofunctionalization of Gold Nanoparticles for the Rapid and Sensitive Multiplatform Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Its Proteins: From Computational Models to Validation in Human Samples.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundand Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is currently considered as the most challenging issue in the field of health and medicine by causing a global pandemic. Vaccines are counted as a promising candidate to terminate this deadly pandemic. Various structural proteins in SARS-CoV-2 have recently drawn attention to be utilized as candidate vaccines to stimulate immune responses against COVID-19. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn current study, the RBD protein was cloned and expressed in E. coli host. Then, the expressed RBD protein was purified and its characterizations were evaluated through various methods. Gold nanoparticles, which were utilized as a carrier for candidate Nano-vaccine, were synthesized via oxidation-reduction reaction. While Gold NPs-conjugated RBD was injected into the second treatment group, in the first candidate vaccine, RBD was injected into the first treatment group solely. Complete and Incomplete Freud's Adjuvant were also utilized for both treatment groups to enhance the immune responses against RBD antigen. Immunizations were repeated 2 times in 14-day intervals to boost the immune system of BALB/c mice. The humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were examined through immune and cytokine assays.
resultsOur outcomes demonstrate that strong short-term humoral immunity (IgM) was induced in both the first and second treatment group, while long-term humoral responses (IgG) were only observed in the second treatment group. While stronger short- and long-term humoral (IgM and IgG, respectively) were observed in the second treatment group, particular cytokines production (TNF-ɑ and IFN-γ) as a marker of cell-mediated responses were significantly higher in the first treatment group. DISCUSSION AND
conclusionOur study results show the high potentiality of RBD protein as an appropriate stimulating antigen in vaccine synthesis and testifies RBD-based candidate vaccines to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Our outcomes also recommend that Nano-vaccines can be more suitable candidates when stronger long-term immune responses matter.
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