Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35917720›Full record

ReviewNeuroImage. Clinical2022

Imaging the neural underpinnings of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.

Michella M Bardakan, Gereon R Fink, Laura Zapparoli, Gabriella Bottini, Eraldo Paulesu, Peter H Weiss

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in NeuroImage. Clinical, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Freezing of Gait: A Tribute to Nir Giladi.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Neuromodulation of Cortical Targets in Freezing of Gait.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Michella M BardakanCognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
Gereon R FinkCognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Laura ZapparoliDepartment of Psychology and NeuroMi, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.
Gabriella BottiniDepartment of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Eraldo PaulesuDepartment of Psychology and NeuroMi, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.
Peter H WeissCognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: p.h.weiss@fz-juelich.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Freezing of gait (FoG) is a paroxysmal and sporadic gait impairment that severely affects PD patients' quality of life. This review summarizes current neuroimaging investigations that characterize the neural underpinnings of FoG in PD. The review presents and discusses the latest advances across multiple methodological domains that shed light on structural correlates, connectivity changes, and activation patterns associated with the different pathophysiological models of FoG in PD. Resting-state fMRI studies mainly report cortico-striatal decoupling and disruptions in connectivity along the dorsal stream of visuomotor processing, thus supporting the 'interference' and the 'perceptual dysfunction' models of FoG. Task-based MRI studies employing virtual reality and motor imagery paradigms reveal a disruption in functional connectivity between cortical and subcortical regions and an increased recruitment of parieto-occipital regions, thus corroborating the 'interference' and 'perceptual dysfunction' models of FoG. The main findings of fNIRS studies of actual gait primarily reveal increased recruitment of frontal areas during gait, supporting the 'executive dysfunction' model of FoG. Finally, we discuss how identifying the neural substrates of FoG may open new avenues to develop efficient treatment strategies.

Indexed as

Gait Disorders, NeurologicParkinson DiseaseGaitHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMagnetic Resonance ImagingQuality of LifeGait impairmentLocomotor regionsMotor imageryNeuroimagingVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID35917720
PMCPMC9421505

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.