ArticleColorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland2022
The pathogenesis of cryptoglandular anal fistula: New insight into the immunological profile.
Article in Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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17 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microsurgery in mucosal advancement flap repair: a microscope-assisted, tissue-sparing approach for managing complex perianal fistulas within the IDEAL Stage 1 framework.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Trial
- Review
- Multiomics analysis dissects the molecular foundation of perianal fistulas associated with Crohn's disease and of cryptoglandular origin.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2026Article
- Histological architecture of the intersphincteric region of the anal canal: implications for the anatomical basis of anal fistula pathways.International journal of colorectal disease · 2026Article
- Insights Into Macrophage Polarization and M1/M2 Balance in Diabetic Foot Ulcers.Journal of diabetes · 2026Review
- Metabolic profiles of amino acids in patients with crohn's disease-associated perianal fistulas and cryptoglandular anal fistulas.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Unveiling the Intricate Causal Nexus Between 91 Circulating Inflammatory Proteins and Perianal Abscess Through a Comprehensive Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Quaternized Molecular Brush-Grafted Injectable Microgel with Anti-Inflammatory and Drainage Properties for Efficient Therapy of Anal Fistula.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Differential Diagnosis Value of Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin as a Noninvasive Biomarker in Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Evaluating occult causes of disease: the tricompartmental PNEI approach and the importance of the microbiome.Techniques in coloproctology · 2024Article
- Role of Adipose Tissue Hormones in Pathogenesis of Cryptoglandular Anal Fistula.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Whither the coloproctologist of the future? Returning to the kindred spirit of the barber-surgeon.Techniques in coloproctology · 2024Article
- The pathogenesis of cryptoglandular anal fistula: New insight into the immunological profile.Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland · 2022Article
- New Horizons of Macrophage Immunomodulation in the Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThe aetiology of cryptoglandular anal fistula (AF) is poorly understood. Evidence suggests that persistence and/or recurrence of the disease is more related to inflammatory than infectious factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the immune profile of cryptoglandular AF and to perform a histopathological characterization.
methodFistulectomy was performed in all patients; healthy ischioanal fat from the same patients was used as a control. Samples were evaluated by the Luminex xMAP system for the detection of 27 analytes. AF tissues were analysed using immunofluorescence. Staining was performed using primary antibodies to identify M1 inflammatory and M2 anti-inflammatory macrophages. Selective staining of total T lymphocytes and different T lymphocyte subsets was performed.
resultsTwenty patients with AF underwent a fistulectomy. Specific cytokine pathways differentiated AF from healthy tissue: pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-8 and IL-17 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were overexpressed in AF compared with controls. Chemokines involved in macrophage recruitment (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4) were higher in AF than in healthy fatty tissue. Moreover, we showed that Tc17 cells characterize AF patients, thus confirming the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data. Furthermore, elevated infiltration of CD68+ myeloid cells and a reduction of the M1/M2 ratio characterize AF patients.
conclusionA combination of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors reside in the wound microenvironment of AF patients. For the first time an important prevalence of Tc17 cells and a reduction in the M1/M2 ratio was observed, thus suggesting new insights into the immunological characterization of AF patients.
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