ReviewEnvironmental science & technology2022
Outside the Safe Operating Space of a New Planetary Boundary for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS).
Review in Environmental science & technology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07391397 (Reducing Rural Health Disparities by Empowering People to Minimize PFAS Exposure and Improve Cardiovascular Health), which is not on this map. Cited by 108 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Reducing Rural Health Disparities by Empowering People to Minimize PFAS Exposure and Improve Cardiovascular Health
Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Private, public, and bottled drinking water: Shared contaminant-mixture exposures and effects challenge.Environment international · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of PFAS exposure on glucolipid metabolism in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Associations between Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Exposures and Blood Lipid Levels among Adults-A Meta-Analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Pooled it
- Surface functionalization of coconut-shell-derived activated carbon with amine and surfactant groups for selective short-chain PFAS removal.RSC advances · 2026Article
- A Legacy of Exposure: Lactational PFAS Transfer and Early-Life Accumulation in Northern Elephant Seals.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Better Together Than Apart: Degradation of Emerging Contaminants in Concentrated Streams Using UV/Sulfite/Iodide and UV/Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment Trains.ACS environmental Au · 2026Article
- PFAS removal by ultra-low loads of a metal-organic cage.Chemical science · 2026Article
- In utero PFAS exposure, inflammation, and behavioral problems in childhood.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Paternal Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Couples' Pregnancy Outcomes: A Qualitative Review of the Literature.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- Photothermal Degradation of Pollutants Using a Ag@ZnNP/TiOChemPlusChem · 2026Article
- Is drinking water with low PFAS a significant source of human exposure? Evidence summary.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Review
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Surface Runoff and Groundwater following Biosolids Land Application.ACS ES&T water · 2026Article
- Green valorization of cotton-acrylic fabric blends into magnetic nanofiber adsorbents for PFAS and organic dye remediation in complex wastewater streams.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Predictions of Anthropogenic Background PFAS Concentrations in Soil and Relation to Bedrock Lithology and Groundwater Quality.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Suspect Screening of Polymer-Derived Additives in Accessible Water Compartments Nearby Brånåsen Landfill in Norway.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- PFAS and cardiovascular risk : The effects of exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances on cardiovascular health.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Review
- Maternal PFAS transfer through lactation: dolphin milk reveals routes of early-life exposure.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Deep tree roots at risk of accelerating groundwater pollution beneath clay-rich aquitards.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Rethinking PFAS Behavior in Phosphogypsum Stacks: A Hydrochemically Controlled Multiphase Perspective.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is hypothesized that environmental contamination by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) defines a separate planetary boundary and that this boundary has been exceeded. This hypothesis is tested by comparing the levels of four selected perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) (i.e., perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)) in various global environmental media (i.e., rainwater, soils, and surface waters) with recently proposed guideline levels. On the basis of the four PFAAs considered, it is concluded that (1) levels of PFOA and PFOS in rainwater often greatly exceed US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Lifetime Drinking Water Health Advisory levels and the sum of the aforementioned four PFAAs (Σ4 PFAS) in rainwater is often above Danish drinking water limit values also based on Σ4 PFAS; (2) levels of PFOS in rainwater are often above Environmental Quality Standard for Inland European Union Surface Water; and (3) atmospheric deposition also leads to global soils being ubiquitously contaminated and to be often above proposed Dutch guideline values. It is, therefore, concluded that the global spread of these four PFAAs in the atmosphere has led to the planetary boundary for chemical pollution being exceeded. Levels of PFAAs in atmospheric deposition are especially poorly reversible because of the high persistence of PFAAs and their ability to continuously cycle in the hydrosphere, including on sea spray aerosols emitted from the oceans. Because of the poor reversibility of environmental exposure to PFAS and their associated effects, it is vitally important that PFAS uses and emissions are rapidly restricted.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.