ArticleBMC public health2022
Food and beverage advertising expenditures in Canada in 2016 and 2019 across media.
Article in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Restaurant marketing to kids in Canada: associations with restaurant consumption and appealing restaurant advertisement features in a nationally representative sample of Canadian young people aged 9-17 years.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Youth exposure to unhealthy digital food marketing in relation to race/ethnicity and income adequacy in Canada.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Children's self-reported exposure to sugary beverage advertisements and association with intake across six countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeat cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Normalizing junk food: The frequency and reach of posts related to food and beverage brands on social media.PLOS digital health · 2024Article
- Worldwide burden of liver cancer across childhood and adolescence, 2000-2021: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Child and adolescent exposure to unhealthy food marketing across digital platforms in Canada.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Digital Marketing and Fast-Food Intake in the UAE: The Role of Firm-Generated Content among Adult Consumers.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Beverage industry's advertising expenditures and airtimes in South Africa from 2013 to 2019 target children and families.Journal of public health research · 2023Article
- Advertising expenditures on child-targeted food and beverage products in two policy environments in Canada in 2016 and 2019.PloS one · 2023Article
- The impact of characters like Tony the Tiger and other child-targeted techniques used in food and beverage marketing.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- What do people think of intuitive eating? A qualitative exploration with rural Australians.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFood and beverage advertising has been identified as a powerful determinant of dietary intake and weight. Available evidence suggests that the preponderance of food and beverage advertising expenditures are devoted to the promotion of unhealthy products. The purpose of this study is to estimate food advertising expenditures in Canada in 2019 overall, by media and by food category, determine how much was spent on promoting healthier versus less healthy products and assess whether changes in these expenditures occurred between 2016 and 2019.
methodsEstimates of net advertising expenditures for 57 selected food categories promoted on television, radio, out-of-home media, print media and popular websites, were licensed from Numerator. The nutrient content of promoted products or brands were collected, and related expenditures were then categorized as "healthy" or "unhealthy" according to a Nutrient Profile Model (NPM) proposed by Health Canada. Expenditures were described using frequencies and relative frequencies and percent changes in expenditures between 2016 and 2019 were computed.
resultsAn estimated $628.6 million was spent on examined food and beverage advertising in Canada in 2019, with television accounting for 67.7%, followed by digital media (11.8%). In 2019, most spending (55.7%) was devoted to restaurants, followed by dairy and alternatives (11%), and $492.9 million (87.2% of classified spending) was spent advertising products and brands classified as "unhealthy". Fruit and vegetables and water accounted for only 2.1 and 0.8% of expenditures, respectively, in 2019. In 2019 compared to 2016, advertising expenditures decreased by 14.1% across all media (excluding digital media), with the largest decreases noted for print media (- 63.0%) and television (- 14.6%). Overall, expenditures increased the most in relative terms for fruit and vegetables (+ 19.5%) and miscellaneous products (+ 5%), while decreasing the most for water (- 55.6%) and beverages (- 47.5%).
conclusionsDespite a slight drop in national food and beverage advertising spending between 2016 and 2019, examined expenditures remain high, and most products or brands being advertised are unhealthy. Expenditures across all media should continue to be monitored to assess Canada's nutrition environment and track changes in food advertising over time.
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