ReviewThe journal of headache and pain2022
Long COVID headache.
Review in The journal of headache and pain, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender Disparities in Neurological Symptoms of Long COVID: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuroepidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of simple analgesics for acute treatment of episodic tension-type headache in adults: a network meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of neuropathic pain associated with coronavirus disease 2019.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Cost-efficacy evaluation of a mindfulness-based program added to treatment as usual for the treatment of chronic migraine associated to medication overuse headache.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of vascular photobiomodulation for orofacial pain and tension type headache following COVID 19 in a pragmatic randomized clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Management of long COVID-19 in children and adolescents: from diagnosis to therapeutically approaches.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Cerebral arteriopathy and its role in persistent post-COVID headache and brain fog: a quantitative study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Prevalence and burden of neurological diseases in China: An analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- Long COVID and Its Impact on Daily Functioning: Findings from the Si-Panda Behavioural Insights Survey in Slovenia.Zdravstveno varstvo · 2026Article
- Understanding the long-term neurological effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Geriatric Migraine, Geroscience, and Sustainable Development Goals: Bridging Clinical Complexity and Public Health Priorities.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Hallmarks of headache disorders: part 5 - secondary headaches.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Review
- A narrative review of SARS-CoV-2 variants and long COVID.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Persistent neurological sequelae in children and adolescents after SARS-CoV-2: a scoping review.Infection · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and impact of long COVID: pathophysiology, neuropsychiatric effects and vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- New-Onset Headache After SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination: Results From Three Population-Based Cohorts in Norway.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Vaccination Modifies COVID-19-Related Headache Phenotype: Evidence from Case-Control Study on 309 Participants.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Associations Between APOE Polymorphisms, Neurological Symptoms, and Cognitive Assessments in Long COVID Patients: An Analysis of SNPs rs7412 and rs429358.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of headache disorders, 1990-2021, with forecasts to 2050: A Global Burden of Disease study 2021.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring Alice in Wonderland syndrome in adults with persistent headache after COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in Latin America.BMC neurology · 2025Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Headache is among the most frequent symptoms persisting or newly developing after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as part of the so-called long COVID syndrome. The knowledge on long COVID headache is still limited, however growing evidence is defining the features of this novel condition, in particular regarding clinical characteristics, some pathophysiological mechanisms and first treatment recommendations. Long COVID headache can present in the form of worsening of a preexisting primary headache, or, more specifically, in the form of a new (intermittent or daily) headache starting during the acute infection or after a delay. It often presents together with other long COVID symptoms, most frequently with hyposmia. It can manifest with a migrainous or, more frequently, with a tension-type-like phenotype. Persistent activation of the immune system and trigeminovascular activation are thought to play a role. As there are virtually no treatment studies, treatment currently is largely guided by the existing guidelines for primary headaches with the corresponding phenotype. The present report, a collaborative work of the international group of the Junior Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain aims to summarize the most recent evidence about long COVID headache and suggests approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.