SynthesisMaternal & child nutrition2022
Views and experience of breastfeeding in public: A qualitative systematic review.
Synthesis in Maternal & child nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Women's Experiences of Breastfeeding Beyond One Year: A Qualitative Systematic Review.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Views and experience of breastfeeding in public: A qualitative systematic review.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Intentions, practices, and social representations regarding breastfeeding among women experiencing social disadvantage: findings from the qualitative component of the ECAIL trial.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Trial
- Breastfeeding Experiences of Aboriginal Women With Child Protection Involvement: A Qualitative Study.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding Education in Kindergarten Through 12th Grade: A Content Analysis of United States Health Curriculum Standards.The Journal of school health · 2026Article
- Viewpoint from facilities to communities: Breastfeeding promotion in Baby-Friendly Provinces in Türkiye.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- More than "Just Breastfeeding": a qualitative study on Indian mothers' experiences of maternal autonomy and stress in infant feeding decisions.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding Practices and Associated Factors Among Mothers of Infants Aged 12 Months or Younger Attending Selected Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Negative experiences of breastfeeding beyond the infancy age of one year in public - a deductive content analysis of a cross-sectional global sample.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Views, feelings, and thoughts of first-time mothers regarding breastfeeding in public: a qualitative study.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Understanding modifiable barriers to human milk donation in the United Kingdom.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Article
- A Mobile App for Promoting Breastfeeding-Friendly Communities in Hong Kong: Design and Development Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Overcoming barriers to gut microbiome development through nutritional factors in the first 1,000 days of life: strategies and implications for preventing non-communicable diseases.Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) · 2025Review
- Understanding Breastfeeding Practices in Tennessee: Goals, Duration, and Reasons for Discontinuation.Journal of Appalachian health · 2025Article
- 'It's far from the norm': breastfeeding beyond 1 year in the Republic of Ireland.Health promotion international · 2024Article
- "It felt like I had an old fashioned telephone ringing in my breasts": An online survey of UK Autistic birthing parents' experiences of infant feeding.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Participatory Health Cadre Model to Improve Exclusive Breastfeeding Coverage with King's Conceptual System.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2024Article
- Australian, Irish, and Swedish women's comfort levels when breastfeeding in public.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Breastfeeding experiences and women's self-concept: Negotiations and dilemmas in the transition to motherhood.Frontiers in sociology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Breastfeeding rates in many Global North countries are low. Qualitative research highlights that breastfeeding in public is a particular challenge, despite mothers often having the legal right to do so. To identify barriers and facilitators, we systematically searched the qualitative research from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries relating to breastfeeding in public spaces from 2007 to 2021. Data were analysed using the Thematic Synthesis technique. The review was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42017081504). Database searching identified 3570 unique records. In total, 74 papers, theses, or book chapters, relating to 71 studies, were included, accounting for over 17,000 mothers. Overall, data quality was high. Our analysis identified that five core factors influenced mothers' thought processes and their breastfeeding in public behaviour: legal system; structural (in)equality; knowledge; beliefs and the social environment. Macro-level factors relating to legislation and inequality urgently require redress if breastfeeding rates are to be increased. Widespread culture change is also required to enhance knowledge, change hostile beliefs and thus the social environment in which mother/infant dyads exist. In particular, the sexualisation of breasts, disgust narratives and lack of exposure among observers to baby-led infant feeding patterns resulted in beliefs which created a stigmatising environment. In this context, many mothers felt unable to breastfeed in public; those who breastfed outside the home were usually highly self-aware, attempting to reduce their exposure to conflict. Evidence-based theoretically informed interventions to remove barriers to breastfeeding in public are urgently required.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.