ReviewDeutsches Arzteblatt international2022
Contact Lens–Associated Keratitis—an Often Underestimated Risk.
Review in Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Contact lens-associated infectious keratitis in physicians: a retrospective observational study.International ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Fungal keratitis in Germany : Diagnostics, conservative and microsurgical treatment.Die Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Risk behaviors for infectious Keratitis among contact lens wearers in Switzerland: an analysis by contact lens type.Journal of optometry · 2026Article
- Contact Lens-Associated Ocular Surface and Corneal Disorders.Methods and protocols · 2026Review
- A sustained living coating for infectious keratitis therapy via probiotic consumption and production effects.Science advances · 2026Article
- Contact lens-associated infectious keratitis: microbiological profile, management, and hygiene behaviors in a tertiary eye hospital.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns in Contact Lens-Associated Bacteria.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2026Article
- Infectious Keratitis: A Retrospective Analysis of a Tertiary Care Center.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Bacterial and fungal keratitis in Northeast Mexico: demographic, predisposing, and microbiological differences among non-contact lens, optical contact lens, and bandage contact lens wearers.International ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Multiparameter Optimization ofJournal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Contact Lenses and Vision-Related Quality of Life: Evidence and Clinical Insights.Clinical optometry · 2026Review
- Recovery and regeneration: exploring positive sequelae of keratitis.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Emerging Ocular Pathogen Resistance and Clinically Used Solutions: A Problem That Is More than Meets the Eye.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Microbial keratitis in the age of resistance: unlocking the therapeutic potential of phage therapy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- AggressiveJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Infectious Keratitis: A Tertiary Center's Approach to Diagnosis, Management, and Enhanced Outcomes Through Microbiological Analysis.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Treatments for Presbyopia.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2025Review
- Induction of lipid A modification genes inJournal of medical microbiology · 2025Article
- Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Effects of Long-Term Contact Lens Wearing on the Human Corneal Epithelium.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- [Fungal keratitis in Germany : Diagnostics, conservative and microsurgical treatment].Die Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMillions of people in Germany wear contact lenses every day. Deficient contact lens hygiene can lead to corneal infection. Contact lens-associated keratitis usually has a highly acute presentation and can cause long-term visual loss.
methodsThis review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed, as well as on relevant metaanalyses, Cochrane reviews, and reports by national and international health care authorities.
results23-94% of contact lens wearers report associated discomfort and eye problems. The annual incidence of contact lens-associated keratitis is 2-4/10 000. It is due to bacteria in 90% of cases, and much less commonly to acanthamoebae and fungi. The pathogens generally arrive with the contact lens on the surface of the eye and can penetrate into the corneal tissue because the tear film under the lens is not swept away from the ocular surface by the eyelids, and corneal epithelial changes are often present as well. Corneal infiltration that is diagnosed early is often self-limited, but advanced bacterial infection usually requires intense topical antibiotic treatment. Some severe infections can only be eradicated by emergency corneal transplantation; this is the case in 20-30 % of fungal and acanthamoebic infections.
conclusionThe wearing of contact lenses, particularly soft ones, is associated with a risk of microbial keratitis if proper contact lens hygiene is not exercised. Contact lens-associated keratitis very rarely causes permanent damage to eyesight (0.6 cases per 10 000 contact lens wearers per year). The use of contact lenses always calls for meticulous care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.