ReviewCureus2022
Association of Depression With Cardiovascular Diseases.
Review in Cureus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychic and Cognitive Impacts of Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence from an Observational Study and Comparison by a Systematic Literature Review.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Potential Inflammatory Biomarkers for Major Depressive Disorder Related to Suicidal Behaviors: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Joint effects of social determinants of health on NAFLD mortality: the mediating role of phenotypic age acceleration.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Association of longitudinal changes in depressive symptoms and handgrip strength with cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly populations.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Mental Disorders as Risk Factors for New Onset Cardiovascular Diseases.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Microglia alter autonomic nucleus neuronal activation after peripheral cytokine challenge.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Article
- Mental health sequelae and management in survivors of cardiogenic shock: a nationwide population-based study.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Article
- The impact of the TyG index and psychosocial factors on depression in elderly non-diabetic patients with atrial fibrillation.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Review
- Combined social determinants of health contributed to adverse health outcomes among depression: evidence from two national cohorts.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2025Article
- [Update on cardiovascular prevention 2025].Herz · 2025Review
- Construction of a machine learning-based risk prediction model for depression in middle-aged and elderly patients with cardiovascular metabolic diseases in China: a longitudinal study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Network analysis of anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients with cardiovascular disease.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Identification and experimental validation of biomarkers associated with mitochondrial and programmed cell death in major depressive disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Cognitive impairment and depression precede increased HDL-C levels in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: cross-lagged panel analyses.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- A Potential Role for MAGI-1 in the Bi-Directional Relationship Between Major Depressive Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2024Review
- Cardiovascular Outcome in Patients with Major Depression: Role of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, Insomnia Disorder, and COMISA.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Moderating Effect of Muscular Strength in the Association between Cardiovascular Events and Depressive Symptoms in Middle-Aged and Older Adults-A Cross Sectional Study.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Psychological barriers to adherence to pharmacological treatment of cardiovascular risk conditions in healthcare workers.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Cross Talks between CNS and CVS Diseases: An Alliance to Annihilate.Current cardiology reviews · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Depression has long been associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We have reviewed the various factors (hormonal, inflammatory, neuroimmune, and behavioral) involved in depression and associated cardiovascular risk factors. Elevation of glucocorticoids due to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in chronic stress of depression results in hyperglycemia, causing insulin resistance, which is a risk factor for heart diseases. This increase in glucocorticoids also stimulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Literature also showed that chronic stress in depression activates platelet receptors resulting in endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular morbidity. It has been shown by various studies that depressed patients are more prone to unhealthy lifestyles like eating more processed food, physical inactivity, smoking, and alcohol consumption resulting in weight gain and insulin resistance. Further in the literature, we reviewed some genetic factors associated with depression and cardiovascular outcomes. Elevated glucocorticoids reduce brain-derived neurotrophic factor-dependent upregulation of glutamate receptors involved in various neural circuits associated with depression and neural diseases by suppressing microRNA-132 expression. In depressed obese patients, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK-9), a regulator of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, has been shown to be associated with insulin resistance. This review sheds light on the importance of diagnostic, preventive, and treatment strategies in depressed patients to reduce overall cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.