ArticleScientific reports2022
Smoking remains associated with education after controlling for social background and genetic factors in a study of 18 twin cohorts.
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Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic and environmental influences on educational disparities in adult weight change: an individual-based pooled analysis of 11 twin cohorts.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Urinary cotinine cut-offs for tobacco smoke exposure in pregnancy and associations with child intelligence quotient: A multi-cohort analysis.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2026Article
- Article
- Educational inequalities and residence-based decomposition in smoking behavior.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Genetic and environmental influences on educational disparities in adult weight change: an individual-based pooled analysis of 11 twin cohorts.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Educational differences in cancer incidence, stage at time of diagnosis, and survival in Norway.Research in health services & regions · 2025Article
- Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Adverse Childhood Experiences: The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Adulthood and Perinatal Abuse.Maternal and child health journal · 2025Article
- Indoor air pollution inequalities among children and adolescents in Germany: an analysis of repeated cross-sectional data from GerES and KiGGS.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Early life events may be the first steps on the multistep path to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Risk of first hip fracture under treatment with zoledronic acid versus alendronate: a NOREPOS cohort study of 88,000 Norwegian men and women in outpatient care.Archives of osteoporosis · 2024Article
- Educational attainment, health outcomes and mortality: a within-sibship Mendelian randomization study.International journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Observational
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Authors and funding
51 authors at 20 institutions in 14 countries.
Karri SilventoinenDepartment of Social Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 18, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. karri.silventoinen@helsinki.fi.
Maarit PiirtolaUKK Institute - Centre for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.
Aline JelenkovicDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.
Reijo SundDepartment of Social Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 18, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Adam D TarnokiMedical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
David L TarnokiMedical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Emanuela MeddaIstituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy.
Lorenza NisticòIstituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy.
Virgilia ToccaceliIstituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy.
Chika HondaCenter for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Fujio InuiCenter for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Rie TomizawaCenter for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Mikio WatanabeCenter for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Norio SakaiCenter for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Margaret GatzCenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
David A ButlerThe National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
Jooyeon LeeDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Soo Ji LeeDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Joohon SungDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Carol E FranzDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
William S KremenDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
Michael J LyonsDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Catherine A DeromCentre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Robert F VlietinckCentre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Ruth J F LoosThe Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Per TyneliusDepartment of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Finn RasmussenDepartment of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Nicholas G MartinGenetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
Sarah E MedlandGenetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
Grant W MontgomeryInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Ingunn BrandtDivision of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Thomas S NilsenDivision of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Jennifer R HarrisCenter for Fertility and Health, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Jessica TylerCentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Twins Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
John L HopperDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Patrik K E MagnussonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Nancy L PedersenDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Anna K Dahl AslanDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Juan R OrdoñanaDepartment of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Juan F Sánchez-RomeraDepartment of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Lucia Colodro-CondeGenetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
Esther RebatoDepartment of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.
Dongfeng ZhangDepartment of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China.
Zengchang PangDepartment of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China.
Qihua TanEpidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Judy L SilbergDepartment of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Hermine H MaesDepartment of Human and Molecular Genetics, Psychiatry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Dorret I BoomsmaNetherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Thorkild I A SørensenFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Tellervo KorhonenInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Jaakko KaprioInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Karolinska Institutet · SEUniversity of Helsinki · FIIstituto Superiore di Sanità · ITNorwegian Institute of Public Health · NOOsaka University · JPSeoul National University · KRInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland · FIInstituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria · ESKU Leuven · BEQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute · AUSemmelweis University · HUUniversity of California, San Diego · USUniversity of Melbourne · AUVirginia Commonwealth University · USBoston University · USIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · USKio University · JPNational Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine · USQingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention · CNQingdao University · CN
Funding
The VETSA Longitudinal Twin Study of Cognition and Aging (VETSA 4)R01AG050595 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ELMAN, JEREMY A, FRANZ, CAROL ELAINE · 2015 to 2024
$28.0MThe VETSA Longitudinal MRI Twin Study of AgingR01AG022381 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KREMEN, WILLIAM S. · 2003 to 2019
$22.3MThe VETSA Longitudinal Twin Study of Cognition and AgingR01AG018384 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS) · PI LYONS, MICHAEL J. · 2002 to 2012
$9.8MThe VETSA longitudinal twin study of cognition and agingR01AG018386 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KREMEN, WILLIAM S. · 2002 to 2012
$9.7MThe VETSA Longitudinal MRI Twin Study of Aging (VETSA MRI 4)R01AG076838 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ANDERS M DALE, Jeremy A Elman · 2022 to 2026
$8.7MADOLESCENT ALCOHOL ABUSE: A TWIN-STUDY PERSPECTIVER37AA012502 · NIAAA · TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY · PI ROSE, RICHARD JOSEPH · 2000 to 2009
$2.9MThe VETSA Longitudinal Twin Study of Cortisol and AgingR01AG022982 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KREMEN, WILLIAM S. · 2004 to 2007
$2.6MAdolescent Alcohol Abuse: A Twin-Study PerspectiveR01AA012502 · NIAAA · TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY · PI ROSE, RICHARD JOSEPH · 2013 to 2017
$1.2MThe Greatest Generation: The NAS-NRC WWII Twin Registry as a Scientific ResourceR21AG039572 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI GATZ, MARGARET · 2011 to 2012
$388kBEHAVIORAL PRECURSORS OF ALCOHOLISM--TWIN FAMILY STUDIESR01AA009203 · NIAAA · INDIANA UNIVERSITY BLOOMINGTON · PI ROSE, RICHARD JOSEPH · 1994 to 1998
–USE &ABUSE OF ALCOHOL--A BEHAVIOR-GENETICS PERSPECTIVEK05AA000145 · NIAAA · INDIANA UNIVERSITY BLOOMINGTON · PI ROSE, RICHARD JOSEPH · 1992 to 1996
–NIAAA NIH HHS K05 AA000145NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA009203NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA012502NIAAA NIH HHS R37 AA012502NIA NIH HHS R01 AG018384NIA NIH HHS R01 AG018386NIA NIH HHS R01 AG022381NIA NIH HHS R01 AG022982NIA NIH HHS R01 AG050595NIA NIH HHS R01 AG076838NIA NIH HHS R21 AG039572
Abstract
We tested the causality between education and smoking using the natural experiment of discordant twin pairs allowing to optimally control for background genetic and childhood social factors. Data from 18 cohorts including 10,527 monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs discordant for education and smoking were analyzed by linear fixed effects regression models. Within twin pairs, education levels were lower among the currently smoking than among the never smoking co-twins and this education difference was larger within DZ than MZ pairs. Similarly, education levels were higher among former smoking than among currently smoking co-twins, and this difference was larger within DZ pairs. Our results support the hypothesis of a causal effect of education on both current smoking status and smoking cessation. However, the even greater intra-pair differences within DZ pairs, who share only 50% of their segregating genes, provide evidence that shared genetic factors also contribute to these associations.
Indexed as
Smoking CessationTwins, MonozygoticChildEducational StatusHumansSmokingTwins, Dizygotic
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