ArticleJournal of clinical laboratory analysis2022
Hypomethylation of the opioid receptor delta 1 gene combined with high opioid receptor delta 1 protein levels indicates increased risk of gout.
Article in Journal of clinical laboratory analysis, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypomethylation of the opioid receptor delta 1 gene combined with high opioid receptor delta 1 protein levels indicates increased risk of gout.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers for the diagnosis of gout in Chinese Han males using methylation microarray profiling.
methodsWe screened for differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in gout using a methylation microarray and analyzed the functions of the DMGs using gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. We verified gene methylation levels by pyrosequencing and protein levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Two-sided p values <0.05 were deemed to be statistically significant for all analyses.
resultsWe identified 20,426 significant differential methylation sites (5719 high-methylation sites and 14,707 low-methylation sites). Bioinformatics analysis showed that the DMGs were mainly involved in 43 biological functions, 13 cellular components, 18 molecular functions, and 35 KEGG pathways. We selected opioid receptor delta 1 (OPRD1) for verification of methylation levels between 50 gout patients and 50 controls. The methylation levels of OPRD1 (Chr1:29,139,121) were significantly lower in the gout group (p < 0.05), while OPRD1 protein levels were significantly higher in the gout group (p < 0.05). In addition, the AUC of the combination of OPRD1 (Chr1:29,139,121) methylation and OPRD1 protein levels was 0.796 (0.710, 0.883) with a high sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 68% (p < 0.001).
conclusionsThe combination of OPRD1 (Chr1:29,139,121) hypomethylation and high levels of OPRD1 protein is a potential biomarker for gout diagnosis.
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