ArticleInternational dental journal2023
Role of Chlorhexidine and Herbal Oral Rinses in Managing Periodontitis.
Article in International dental journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07402694 (Oral Health Outcomes With Amphion Mouthwash as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Oral Health Outcomes With Amphion Mouthwash as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of a bioflavonoid-enriched herbal versus 0.12% and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwashes in reducing peri-implant inflammation and subgingival Porphyromonas gingivalis carriage in patients with peri-implantitis.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2025Trial
- The Impact of Ginger Mouthwash on Pregnant Women with Stress and Gingivitis by Measuring Different Salivary Biomarker Levels.The Eurasian journal of medicine · 2026Article
- Evolution of CPITN Index in Relation to Chlorhexidine Mouthwash Use in Patients with Deflective Occlusal Contacts.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Joint association of triglyceride glucose index (TyG) and body roundness index with the risk of periodontitis: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this research was to assess the effect of 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) and a Salvadora persica-based mouthwash on whole salivary tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels and periodontal inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
methodsPatients with and without medically diagnosed T2DM were included. Patients' medical records were evaluated to confirm the diagnosis of T2DM. All patients underwent nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Patients were divided into 2 subgroups. In the test and control group, patients were advised to rinse with an S persica-based mouthwash and a non-alcoholic 0.12% CHX after NSPT twice daily for 2 weeks, respectively. Demographic data were collected. Full-mouth plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (AL) were measured, and whole salivary TNF-α levels were gauged at baseline and at 3-month follow-up. Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were measured in all patients at baseline and at 3-month follow-up. Sample size estimation was done, and group comparison was performed. Level of significance was set at P < .01.
resultsTwenty-one nondiabetic individuals and 21 patients with T2DM were included. At baseline, there was no significant difference in clinical and radiographic periodontal parameters amongst in patients with and without T2DM. At 3-month follow-up, HbA1c, TNF-α, PI, PD, and clinical AL were comparable with their respective baseline values in the test and control groups amongst patients with T2DM. In nondiabetic individuals, there was a significant reduction in PI (P < .01), GI (P < .01), and PD (P < .01), and TNF-α (P < .01) at 3-month follow-up in the test and control groups compared with their respective baseline scores.
conclusionsIn the short term, NSPT with 0.12% CHX or S persica-based mouthwashes is more effective in reducing periodontal inflammation and whole salivary TNF-α levels in nondiabetic individuals than in patients with T2DM with periodontal inflammation.
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