ArticleCytokine2022
Acute kidney injury associated to COVID-19 leads to a strong unbalance of circulant immune mediators.
Article in Cytokine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global geographic and socioeconomic disparities in COVID-associated acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Acute kidney injury: pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Cardiovascular damage and comorbidities related to long COVID: pathomechanisms, prevention, and therapy.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Targeting interleukin-1 signaling for renoprotection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Mortality and morbidity associated with new onset acute kidney injury in critically ill COVID-19 infection patients.International journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: An Overview.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Clustering based on renal and inflammatory admission parameters in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU.PloS one · 2024Article
- COVID-19 and Kidney: The Importance of Follow-Up and Long-Term Screening.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The role of CXCL family members in different diseases.Cell death discovery · 2023Review
- Inflammation as Prognostic Hallmark of Clinical Outcome in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The multifaceted nature of IL-10: regulation, role in immunological homeostasis and its relevance to cancer, COVID-19 and post-COVID conditions.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Impaired VEGF-A-Mediated Neurovascular Crosstalk Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein: A Potential Hypothesis Explaining Long COVID-19 Symptoms and COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects?Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Subclinical Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19: Possible Mechanisms and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Exploring Urinary Extracellular Vesicles and Immune Mediators as Biomarkers of Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSevere cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have increased risk for acute kidney injury (AKI). The exacerbation of the immune response seems to contribute to AKI development, but the immunopathological process is not completely understood.
objectivesTo analyze levels of circulant immune mediators in COVID-19 patients evolving with or without AKI. We have also investigated possible associations of these mediators with viral load and clinical outcomes.
methodsThis is a longitudinal study performed with hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Serum levels of 27 immune mediators were measured by a multiplex immunoassay. Data were analyzed at two timepoints during the follow-up: within the first 13 days of the disease onset (early sample) and from the 14th day to death or hospital discharge (follow-up sample).
resultsWe studied 82 COVID-19 patients (59.5 ± 17.5 years, 54.9% male). Of these, 34 (41.5%) developed AKI. These patients presented higher SARS-CoV-2 viral load (P = 0.03), higher frequency of diabetes (P = 0.01) and death (P = 0.0004). Overall, AKI patients presented significantly higher and sustained levels (P < 0.05) of CCL-2, CCL-3, CCL-4, CXCL-8, CXCL-10, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1Ra, IL-10 and VEGF. Importantly, higher levels of CCL-2, CXCL-10, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-10, FGFb, and VEGF were observed in AKI patients independently of death. ROC curves demonstrated that early alterations in CCL-2, CXCL-8, CXCL-10, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1Ra and IL-10 show a good predictive value regarding AKI development. Lastly, immune mediators were significantly associated with each other and with SARS-CoV-2 viral load in AKI patients.
conclusionsCOVID-19 associated AKI is accompanied by substantial alterations in circulant levels of immune mediators, which could significantly contribute to the establishment of kidney injury.
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