ReviewSports medicine - open2022
Appropriate Reporting of Exercise Variables in Resistance Training Protocols: Much more than Load and Number of Repetitions.
Review in Sports medicine - open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Optimal resistance training prescriptions to improve muscle strength, physical function, and muscle mass in older adults diagnosed with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Pooled it
- Prescribing Physical Activity and Exercise for People with CKD: A Practical Guide by the Global Renal Exercise Network.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2025Guideline
- Give it a rest: a systematic review with Bayesian meta-analysis on the effect of inter-set rest interval duration on muscle hypertrophy.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Pooled it
- Preferred Reporting Items for Resistance Exercise Studies (PRIRES): A Checklist Developed Using an Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews.Sports medicine - open · 2023Pooled it
- Influence of Strength Training Variables on Neuromuscular and Morphological Adaptations in Prepubertal Children: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of resistance training on quality of life, fatigue, and pain in patients undergoing cancer treatment: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Brazilian journal of physical therapyPooled it
- The effect of the ketogenic diet on resistance training load management: a repeated-measures clinical trial in trained participants.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Trial
- Effects of velocity-based hypertrophy training on pectoralis major morphology, neuromuscular activation and bench press maximal strength.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- High-Density Surface Electromyography Excitation in Front vs. Back Overhead Press Prime Movers.Journal of human kinetics · 2026Article
- Acute Autonomic and Perceptual Responses to Resistance Training Performed With and Without Blood Flow Restriction.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Effects of Complex, Plyometric, and Traditional Resistance Training on Neuromuscular Performance in Highly Trained Male Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Sports medicine - open · 2026Article
- Do Flywheel Exercises Provide Eccentric-Overload Training?Sports medicine - open · 2026Article
- The effects of shoulder extension angle on elbow flexor hypertrophy in the cable curl exercise.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- High-Density Surface Electromyography Excitation of Prime Movers Across Scapular Positions in the Seated Row.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Muscle Stretching: Exploring the Impact of Different Modalities on Maximal Range of Motion and Strength with Practical Recommendations.Sports medicine - open · 2025Review
- A professional assessment of training plans for muscle hypertrophy and maximal strength developed by generative artificial intelligence.Biology of sport · 2025Article
- Resistance Training Beyond Momentary Failure: The Effects of Past-Failure Partials Versus Initial Partials on Calf Muscle Hypertrophy Among a Resistance-Trained Cohort.European journal of sport science · 2025Article
- The Coach's Eye: A Randomized Repeated-Measure Observational Study Assessing Coaches' Perception of Velocity Loss During Resistance Training Exercises.Sports medicine - open · 2025Article
- Exercise Prescription in Cardio-Oncology.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Manipulating Resistance Exercise Variables to Improve Jumps, Sprints, and Changes of Direction in Soccer: What We Know and What We Don't Know.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Manipulating resistance training variables is crucial to plan the induced stimuli correctly. When reporting the exercise variables in resistance training protocols, sports scientists and practitioners often refer to the load lifted and the total number of repetitions. The present conceptual review explores all within-exercise variables that may influence the strength and hypertrophic gains, and the changes in muscle architecture. Together with the (1) load and (2) the number of repetitions, (3) performing repetitions to failure or not to failure, (4) the displacement of the load or the range of movement (full or partial), (5) the portion of the partial movement to identify the muscle length at which the exercise is performed, (6) the total time under tension, the duration of each phase and the position of the two isometric phases, (7) whether the concentric, eccentric or concentric-eccentric phase is performed, (8) the use of internal or external focus and (9) the inter-set rest may all have repercussions on the adaptations induced by each resistance exercise. Manipulating one or more variable allows to increase, equalize or decrease the stimuli related to each exercise. Sports scientists and practitioners are invited to list all aforementioned variables for each exercise when reporting resistance training protocols.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.