ArticleGigaScience2022
Antibiotic resistance genes are differentially mobilized according to resistance mechanism.
Article in GigaScience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Antimicrobial resistance dissemination via horizontal gene transfer is constrained in stratified waters.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Sulfonamide resistance geneMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Article
- Diagnostic Performance of Droplet Digital PCR for Detecting Pathogens and Resistance Genes in Patients with Suspected Bloodstream Infections.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Tracking Age-Linked Antibiotic Resistance Patterns through Building-Level Wastewater Analysis.ACS ES&T water · 2025Article
- Geographics and bacterial networks differently shape the acquired and latent global sewage resistomes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Comparative genomics of blood and faecal E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from neonates with bloodstream infections in Tanzania.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Beyond the Resistome: Molecular Insights, Emerging Therapies, and Environmental Drivers of Antibiotic Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Shifts inMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Freshwater snail faecal metagenomes reveal environmental reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes across two continents.Microbial genomics · 2025Article
- Global analysis of the metaplasmidome: ecological drivers and spread of antibiotic resistance genes across ecosystems.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Metagenomics as a Transformative Tool for Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance: Highlighting the Impact of Mobile Genetic Elements with a Focus on the Complex Role of Phages.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Species-resolved profiling of antibiotic resistance genes in complex metagenomes through long-read overlapping with Argo.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Ecology-based approach to predict no-effect antibiotic concentrations for minimizing environmental selection of resistance.The ISME journal · 2025Article
- Green Synthesis of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles fromNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Molecular mechanisms of re-emerging chloramphenicol susceptibility in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Genome-centric metagenomes unveiling the hidden resistome in an anchialine cave.Environmental microbiome · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundScreening for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in especially environmental samples with (meta)genomic sequencing is associated with false-positive predictions of phenotypic resistance. This stems from the fact that most acquired ARGs require being overexpressed before conferring resistance, which is often caused by decontextualization of putative ARGs by mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Consequent overexpression of ARGs can be caused by strong promoters often present in insertion sequence (IS) elements and integrons and the copy number effect of plasmids, which may contribute to high expression of accessory genes.
resultsHere, we screen all complete bacterial RefSeq genomes for ARGs. The genetic contexts of detected ARGs are investigated for IS elements, integrons, plasmids, and phylogenetic dispersion. The ARG-MOB scale is proposed, which indicates how mobilized detected ARGs are in bacterial genomes. It is concluded that antibiotic efflux genes are rarely mobilized and even 80% of β-lactamases have never, or very rarely, been mobilized in the 15,790 studied genomes. However, some ARGs are indeed mobilized and co-occur with IS elements, plasmids, and integrons.
conclusionsIn this study, ARGs in all complete bacterial genomes are classified by their association with MGEs, using the proposed ARG-MOB scale. These results have consequences for the design and interpretation of studies screening for resistance determinants, as mobilized ARGs pose a more concrete risk to human health. An interactive table of all results is provided for future studies targeting highly mobilized ARGs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.