SynthesisClinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society2022
COVID-19 vaccination and carditis in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence linking COVID-19 and the health/well-being of children and adolescents: an umbrella review.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Myopericarditis After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Temporal changes in auditory adverse event reporting in the U.S. vaccine adverse event reporting system associated with the COVID-19 vaccine rollout: an interrupted time series analysis with negative control evaluation.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Clinical and serological characterization of acute pleuropericarditis suggests an autoinflammatory pathogenesis and highlights risk factors for recurrent attacks.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2025Article
- Predictors of high-acuity outcomes among 10-17-year-olds utilizing pediatric emergency services in Taiwan: a sex-based comparison of male and female adolescents.BMC emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular Sequelae of the COVID-19 Vaccines.Cureus · 2025Review
- COVID-19 Vaccination and Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Multivariate Meta-Analysis of Preventive Benefits and Risks.International journal of preventive medicine · 2025Review
- Myocarditis Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Comparative effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors for new-onset gastric cancer and gastric diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2024Article
- Pediatric Chest Pain: A Review of Diagnostic Tools in the Pediatric Emergency Department.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Is There a Causal Link Between Acute Myocarditis and COVID-19 Vaccination: An Umbrella Review of Published Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology · 2024Review
- Lessons Learnt from Case Series of Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest and Unexpected Death after COVID-19 Vaccination.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- Influenza and pneumococcal vaccine prescription for adults during COVID-19 first wave in three regions of Argentina.Vaccine · 2023Article
- Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders and COVID-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
- Risks of Cardiac Arrhythmia Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Cardiovascular Disease and COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Published Cases.European cardiology · 2023Review
- Article
- Myopericarditis in a Male Adolescent Following the Second Shot of COVID-19 Pfizer m-RNA Vaccine: Typical Example and Analysis of 110 Single Case Reports.Pediatric reports · 2022Review
- Do COVID-19 viral infection and its mRNA vaccine carry an equivalent risk of myocarditis? Review of the current evidence, insights, and future directions.Indian heart journalReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 10 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCoronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has been associated with the development of carditis, especially in children and adolescent males. However, the rates of these events in the global setting have not been explored in a systematic manner. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the rates of carditis in children and adolescents receiving COVID-19 vaccines.
methodsPubMed, Embase and several Latin American databases were searched for studies. The number of events, and where available, at-risk populations were extracted. Rate ratios were calculated and expressed as a rate per million doses received. Subgroup analysis based on the dose administered was performed. Subjects ≤ 19 years old who developed pericarditis or myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination were included.
resultsA total of 369 entries were retrieved. After screening, 39 articles were included. Our meta-analysis found that 343 patients developed carditis after the administration of 12,602,625 COVID-19 vaccination doses (pooled rate per million: 37.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 23.57, 59.19). The rate of carditis was higher amongst male patients (pooled rate ratio: 5.04; 95% CI 1.40, 18.19) and after the second vaccination dose (pooled rate ratio: 5.60; 95% CI 1.97, 15.89). In 301 cases of carditis (281 male; mean age: 15.90 (standard deviation [SD] 1.52) years old) reported amongst the case series/reports, 261 patients were reported to have received treatment. 97.34% of the patients presented with chest pain. The common findings include ST elevation and T wave abnormalities on electrocardiography. Oedema and late gadolinium enhancement in the myocardium were frequently observed in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). The mean length of hospital stay was 3.91 days (SD 1.75). In 298 out of 299 patients (99.67%) the carditis resolved with or without treatment.
conclusionsCarditis is a rare complication after COVID-19 vaccination across the globe, but the vast majority of episodes are self-limiting with rapid resolution of symptoms within days. Central illustration. Balancing the benefits of vaccines on COVID-19-caused carditis and post-vaccination carditis.
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