ArticleScientific reports2022
A population-based retrospective study of the modifying effect of urban blue space on the impact of socioeconomic deprivation on mental health, 2009-2018.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urban aquatic ecosystems for human health and well-being - a scoping review.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Separate and combined associations of heatwaves, air pollution, green spaces, and blue spaces with depressive symptoms: a national cohort study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Youth perceptions of urban waterfront environments for stress relief: a social media text analysis study in Beijing.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Leveraging blue spaces for public health: Co-creating a whole-system action plan.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Identifying urban green space health priorities using asymmetric impact performance analysis in Kangbashi district Ordos China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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- Planning, implementing and governing systems-based co-creation: the DISCOVER framework.Health research policy and systems · 2024Article
- Urban Blue Spaces as Therapeutic Landscapes: "A Slice of Nature in the City".International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The incidence of mental health disorders in urban areas is increasing and there is a growing interest in using urban blue spaces (urban waterways, canals, lakes, ponds, coasts, etc.) as a tool to manage and mitigate mental health inequalities in the population. However, there is a dearth of longitudinal evidence of the mechanisms and impact of blue spaces on clinical markers of mental health to support and inform such interventions. We conducted a 10-year retrospective study, following STROBE guidelines, using routinely collected population primary care health data within the National Health Service (NHS) administrative area of Greater Glasgow and Clyde for the North of Glasgow city area. We explored whether living near blue space modifies the negative effect of socio-economic deprivation on mental health during the regeneration of an urban blue space (canal) from complete dereliction and closure. A total of 132,788 people (65,351 female) fulfilling the inclusion criteria were entered in the analysis. We established a base model estimating the effect of deprivation on the risk of mental health disorders using a Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for age, sex and pre-existing comorbidities. We then investigated the modifying effect of living near blue space by computing a second model which included distance to blue space as an additional predicting variable and compared the results to the base model. Living near blue space modified the risk of mental health disorders deriving from socio-economic deprivation by 6% (hazard ratio 2.48, 95% confidence interval 2.39-2.57) for those living in the most deprived tertile (T1) and by 4% (hazard ratio 1.66, 95% confidence interval 1.60-1.72) for those in the medium deprivation tertile (T2). Our findings support the notion that living near blue space could play an important role in reducing the burden of mental health inequalities in urban populations.
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