ReviewSignal transduction and targeted therapy2022
Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy: the dawn of cancer treatment.
Review in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 408 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Exploring the Efficacy and Safety of High-Dose Rate Brachytherapy Combined With Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy as a Second-Line Treatment in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-Center, Retrospective, Propensity Score-Matched Study
Low-dose Radiotherapy (LDRT) Combined With Toripalimab and GP Chemotherapy for Recurrent/Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (LIGHT): A Multicentre, Open-Label, Single-Arm Phase II Clinical Study
A Phase II Study of Radscopal Radiotherapy Combined With Immunotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Chemotherapy-Ineligible Patients With De Novo Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Who cites it
408 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Addition of Concurrent Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Chemoradiotherapy With Consolidative Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Unresectable Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and other immunotherapies in the treatment of spinal column tumors: A systematic review and Meta-analysis of efficacy, and safety.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in locally advanced resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a network meta-analysis and real-world study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Radiotherapy plus immune checkpoint inhibitors versus immune checkpoint inhibitors alone for non-small cell lung cancer with bone metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative cohort studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Combinations of treatments based on radiotherapy or radionuclides to enhance immunotherapy efficacy in advanced prostate cancer: a systematic review.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Rescue by radiotherapy and anti-CTLA4/PD-1 after failure of anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with metastatic NSCLC: the phase II RECLAIM trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Trial
- Neoadjuvant immunochemoradiotherapy with nivolumab, paclitaxel, and cisplatin followed by esophagectomy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.British journal of cancer · 2026Trial
- Preliminary results from a phase II trial of spatially fractionated radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy in patients with bulky solid tumors: early evidence of promising efficacy and favorable safety.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Sintilimab plus fruquintinib with or without radiotherapy for third-line treatment of colorectal cancer with liver metastases: study protocol for a randomized controlled, multicenter phase II trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Atezolizumab and bevacizumab, with or without radiotherapy, versus docetaxel in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer previously treated with a checkpoint inhibitor and chemotherapy: results from the randomized, phase Ib/II MORPHEUS-Lung study.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Phase I/II Trial of Perioperative Avelumab in Combination With Chemoradiation in the Treatment of Stage II/III Resectable Esophageal and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer.Journal of surgical oncology · 2025Trial
- Systemic immunomodulation by irreversible electroporation versus stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer: the CROSSFIRE trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Safety and Efficacy of Radiotherapy Combined With Sintilimab in Advanced NSCLC Patients Who Progressed on First or Second Line Therapy: A Prospective, Multiple Center, and Single-Arm Study.Thoracic cancer · 2025Trial
- A new treatment approach of toripalimab in combination with concurrent platinum-based chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer: A phase II clinical trial.International journal of cancer · 2025Trial
- Polymersome-based nanomedicine for combined cancer therapy.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Radiotherapy-induced abscopal effects in immune checkpoint inhibitor-refractory metastatic disease: results from a large multicenter real-world cohort study.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Ablation-immunotherapy synergy in cancer: mechanisms of the abscopal effect, emerging clinical applications, and translational roadmaps for next-generation onco-immunology.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Elevated CHAF1A Suppresses Type I Interferon Production and Causes Immunotherapy Resistance in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Ursodeoxycholic acid enhances cancer radioimmunotherapy by releasing a human-biased FXR-TRIM22-STAT1 immune brake.Cell research · 2026Article
348 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is delivered for purposes of local control, but can also exert systemic effect on remote and non-irradiated tumor deposits, which is called abscopal effect. The view of RT as a simple local treatment has dramatically changed in recent years, and it is now widely accepted that RT can provoke a systemic immune response which gives a strong rationale for the combination of RT and immunotherapy (iRT). Nevertheless, several points remain to be addressed such as the interaction of RT and immune system, the identification of the best schedules for combination with immunotherapy (IO), the expansion of abscopal effect and the mechanism to amplify iRT. To answer these crucial questions, we roundly summarize underlying rationale showing the whole immune landscape in RT and clinical trials to attempt to identify the best schedules of iRT. In consideration of the rarity of abscopal effect, we propose that the occurrence of abscopal effect induced by radiation can be promoted to 100% in view of molecular and genetic level. Furthermore, the "radscopal effect" which refers to using low-dose radiation to reprogram the tumor microenvironment may amplify the occurrence of abscopal effect and overcome the resistance of iRT. Taken together, RT could be regarded as a trigger of systemic antitumor immune response, and with the help of IO can be used as a radical and systemic treatment and be added into current standard regimen of patients with metastatic cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.