ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2022
National polydrug use patterns among people who misuse prescription opioids and people who use heroin. Results from the National Household Survey on Drug Use and Health.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Evidence-based consensus guidelines for the pharmacological management of substance dependence: Recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2026Guideline
- Polysubstance use disorders among US adults.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- "It's just what's around these days": social and contextual pragmatism in substance transitions.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Mothers with Concurrent Opioid and Cocaine Use and Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Novel therapeutics in development for the treatment of stimulant-use disorder.Current opinion in neurobiology · 2024Review
- Differential Effect of Chronic Morphine on Neuronal Degeneration in Male vs. Female Mice.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2024Article
- Area-Level Social Determinants of Alcohol-Related Mortality: Knowledge Gaps and Implications for Community Health.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2024Review
- Chronic Voluntary Morphine Intake Is Associated with Changes in Brain Structures Involved in Drug Dependence in a Rat Model of Polydrug Use.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Perceived racial discrimination and polysubstance use among racial/ethnic minority adolescents in the United States.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPolysubstance use among people who misuse opioids (PWMO) is highly prevalent, but understudied. We defined, estimated, and analyzed national polysubstance use patterns among PWMO using National Household Survey on Drug Use and Health data (2017-2019).
methodsWe obtained estimates of past-month patterns of polydrug use using cluster analysis and latent class/profile analysis. We considered misuse of prescription opioids and use of heroin, cocaine (including crack), marijuana, alcohol, and "other" substances.
resultsWe identified a five-cluster solution for binary indicators of past-month use and a six-cluster solution for frequency of use. The largest binary cluster (37%) included misuse of prescription opioids and use of alcohol. The second-largest cluster (15%) included misuse of prescription opioids, alcohol, marijuana, and "other" substances. Among those who used heroin, 36% used methamphetamine. In terms of frequency of use, the largest cluster among people who misuse opioid who used multiple substances (almost 40%) misused prescription pain relievers, alcohol, and marijuana infrequently. The second-largest cluster (23%) used marijuana almost daily and misused prescription pain relievers an average of 6.6 days. PWMO in a cluster of almost daily heroin use indicated use of methamphetamine, marijuana, and prescription opioids. Those who used methamphetamine, were using it more than 15 days a month.
conclusionsWe have developed reference measures of polydrug patterns among US household population and estimated their demographic characteristics. We identified clusters of high-risk polydrug use. These findings have implications for the development of prevention and treatment solutions in the United States.
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