ReviewInternational immunopharmacology2022
Current evidence on the use of anakinra in COVID-19.
Review in International immunopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of early Anakinra on cardiac function in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome of COVID-19: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- PANoptosis in Cytokine Release Syndrome: Bridging the Gap between Inflammation and Cell Death.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Toward targeting of inflammasome signaling in venous thrombosis.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2025Review
- Interleukin-1 type 1 receptor blockade attenuates the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex in male UC Davis type 2 diabetic mellitus rats.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Control of type 2 diabetes in patients with cancer and chronic pro-inflammatory cytokines during the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Article
- Article
- Advances in the Medical Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Hand clinics · 2025Review
- Development of a novel tool for individual treatment trials in mucopolysaccharidosis.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2025Article
- Review
- Dynamics of Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients Treated with Anakinra.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Unlocking New Therapeutic Options for Vincristine-Induced Neuropathic Pain: The Impact of Preclinical Research.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Adverse drug reactions associated with COVID-19 management.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- Lessons we learned during the past four challenging years in the COVID-19 era: pharmacotherapy, long COVID complications, and vaccine development.Virology journal · 2024Review
- Autism spectrum disorder and a possible role of anti-inflammatory treatments: experience in the pediatric allergy/immunology clinic.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Review
- NLRP3, the inflammasome and COVID-19 infection.QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians · 2023Review
- Beyond an inflammatory mediator: Interleukin-1 in neurophysiology.Experimental physiology · 2023Review
- Clinically Evaluated COVID-19 Drugs with Therapeutic Potential for Biological Warfare Agents.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- A Prospective Cohort Study of COVID-19: Evaluation of the Early Role of IL-1 and IL-6 Antagonists in Improving the Outcome of the Illness and Reduction in the Risk of Death.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Liver injury in COVID-19: Clinical features, potential mechanisms, risk factors and clinical treatments.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the progressing knowledge in COVID-19 management, remdesivir is the only agent that got approval to inhibit viral replication. However, there are limited data about effective immunomodulatory agents to prevent cytokine release in COVID-19. Cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19 resembles secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, in which interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays a key role. Anakinra is the first recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist studied for off-label use in COVID-19 treatment. This study reviews the current clinical evidence on the role of interleukin-1 in COVID-19-related cytokine storm, therapeutic effects, significant clinical concerns, and pros and cons of anakinra administration in the management of COVID-19 patients. In this review, four items are shown to be important for achieving the optimal therapeutic effects of anakinra in COVID-19 patients. These items include duration of treatment ≥ 10 days, doses ≥ 100 mg, intravenous administration, and early initiation of therapy. Also, anakinra might be more beneficial in the early stages of the disease when higher levels of cytokines are yet to be observed, which could prevent progression to severe illness and mechanical ventilation. Further studies are required to address the SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine release syndrome and the role of anakinra in identifying ideal treatment approaches for COVID-19 patients based on their clinical status.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.