ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2022
Japanese encephalitis virus persists in the human reproductive epithelium and porcine reproductive tissues.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mosquito vector competence for Japanese encephalitis virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis update.Parasites & vectors · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Hydranencephaly and porencephaly predominated among neuropathologic findings in stillborn and neonatal piglets during the first major outbreak of Japanese encephalitis in Australia.Veterinary pathology · 2026Article
- Magnolol Modulates the RIG-I/NF-κB Signaling Pathway to Alleviate JEV Infection-Induced ST Cell Damage.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Interplay between flaviviruses and the interferon response: mechanisms of immune evasion and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Epidemiology, Transmission, and Evolution of Japanese Encephalitis Virus.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Historical and current perspectives on Japanese encephalitis in Sulawesi, Indonesia.Veterinary world · 2025Review
- Endogenous ZAP is associated with altered Zika virus infection phenotype.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Development of a triplex RT-qPCR assay for simultaneous quantification of Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, and West Nile viruses for environmental surveillance.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- In Vitro Antiviral Activity ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Neuroinvasion of emerging and re-emerging arboviruses: A scoping review.SAGE open medicine · 2024Article
- Japanese Encephalitis: Risk of Emergence in the United States and the Resulting Impact.Viruses · 2023Article
- Asian Zika virus can acquire generic African-lineage mutations duringEmerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Neurotoxic properties of the Zika virus envelope protein.Experimental neurology · 2023Article
- Mice as an Animal Model for Japanese Encephalitis Virus Research: Mouse Susceptibility, Infection Route, and Viral Pathogenesis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Japanese Encephalitis Virus-Infected Cells.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2023Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the emerging and geographically expanding flavivirus and the major causative agent of encephalitis in humans in Asia. There are risks of JEV introduction into the Americas given a large population of amplifying hosts-pigs and wild boars, and insect vectors-Culex mosquitoes. There are emerging concerns about vector-free ways of flavivirus transmission, for example sexual and transplacental Zika virus transmissions, which may change flavivirus epidemiology and expand the geographical range to territories with no insect vectors. It is unknown whether JEV has tropism in the female lower reproductive tract and the potential for sexual transmission in humans. While clinical outcomes of transplacental JEV infection are described in humans and pigs, cellular targets and tissue tropism in the upper reproductive tract are also unknown. Here, we studied JEV infection phenotypes and host transcriptional responses in human reproductive epithelial cells. We found that JEV caused persistent infection and cytopathology in the vaginal epithelium, endometrial epithelium, and trophoblast. Human vaginal epithelial cells infected with JEV had altered transcriptional responses associated with inflammation and disruption of epithelial barrier function. Also, using pigs-the native amplifying host for JEV, we confirmed JEV tropism in the female lower and upper reproductive tracts. We discovered that JEV persists in the vaginal mucosa for at least 28 days and pigs shed the virus in vaginal secretions. We also found JEV persistence in the endometrium and placenta with transplacental and fetal infections. Altogether, we discovered that JEV targets the vaginal epithelium and has the potential for sexual transmission in humans. We also contributed to a better understanding of JEV pathogenesis during transplacental infection. Further studies are needed to better understand the interactions of JEV with reproductive tissues, how persistent infection affects female reproductive functions, and the risks for non-vector transmission.
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