ReviewDermatology and therapy2022
Update on Melasma-Part I: Pathogenesis.
Review in Dermatology and therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combining Microneedling and Tranexamic Acid for Melasma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Ablative Fractional Laser in Melasma: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review.Lasers in medical science · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of depression in melasma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of metformin for melasma treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of niosomal and conventional tranexamic acid/niacinamide vs. hydroquinone creams in melasma: A randomized, double-blind, case-controlled clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- A pilot randomized split-face trial comparing fractional Q-Switched ruby laser and 1064-nm Q-Switched nd: YAG laser in Chinese women with melasma running titile: fQSRL vs. QSNY in melasma.Lasers in medical science · 2025Trial
- A Novel Dermocosmetic Routine Containing Vitamin B3 and 2-Mercaptonicotinyl Glycine Significantly Improves Melasma After 3 Months of Daily Use.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Serum Containing Niacinamide, Tranexamic Acid, Vitamin C, and Hydroxy Acid Compared to 4% Hydroquinone in the Management of Melasma.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Trial
- Assessment of clinical efficacy in melasma treatment with picosecond laser combined with Shumin Star.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Trial
- Exosome and biotherapeutic strategies for dermatological and oncological skin complications.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Tinosporide promotes melanogenesis via activation of cAMP/PKA/CREB-MITF signaling in B16F10 and SK-MEL-2 cells.Journal of natural medicines · 2026Article
- Instrumental Assessment of a Chemical Skin Biostimulator Combining Ammonium Trichloroacetate and Homocysteic Acid in Photoaged Mature Skin: A Single-Arm Prospective Study.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Estrogen Promotes Melanogenesis Through Facilitating M2 Macrophage Skewing in Melasma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Decoding Hyperpigmentation from Biological Mechanisms to Actives with Clinically Proven Topical Efficacy: A Narrative Review.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Review
- Retrospective Analysis of the Therapeutic Outcomes of Microneedle Radiofrequency on Melasma by Optical Coherence Tomography: A Observational Pilot Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Photoaging: Update on Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment.Annals of dermatology · 2026Review
- Melasma Flaring and Unmasking After Treatment With a 1,927-nm Non-ablative Fractional Thulium Fiber Laser.Cureus · 2026Article
- Global consensus on the management of melanin hyperpigmentation disorders.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2026Review
- A Study of Factors Associated With Melasma and Quality of Life in Patients With Melasma: A Case-Control Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Targeting Melasma: Innovations in Pigment Deposition and Photoaging in Cosmetic Dermatology.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Melasma is a multifactorial dyschromia that results from exposure to external factors (such as solar radiation) and hormonal factors (such as sex hormones and pregnancy), as well as skin inflammation (such as contact dermatitis and esthetic procedures), in genetically predisposed individuals. Beyond hyperfunctional melanocytes, skin with melasma exhibits a series of structural and functional alterations in the epidermis, basement membrane, and upper dermis that interact to elicit and sustain a focal hypermelanogenic phenotype. Evolution in the knowledge of the genetic basis of melasma and the cutaneous response to solar radiation, as well as the roles of endocrine factors, antioxidant system, endothelium proliferation, fibroblast senescence, mast cell degranulation, autophagy deficits of the melanocyte, and the paracrine regulation of melanogenesis, will lead to the development of new treatments and preventive strategies. This review presents current knowledge on these aspects of the pathogenesis of melasma and discusses the effects of specific treatments and future research on these issues.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.