SynthesisJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2022
Polysomnographic features of idiopathic restless legs syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 sleep parameters and 23 leg movement parameters.
Synthesis in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Restless Legs Syndrome: A Network Model of Iron-Dependent Neuromodulation-A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Efficacy and Tolerability of Extended-Duration Tonic Motor Activation for Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome with Awakenings During Sleep.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Alpha-Lipoic acid in the management of restless legs syndrome in patients with diabetic neuropathy: A possible novel therapeutic approach.Endocrine · 2025Observational
- Experiences of sleep problems, subsequent daytime consequences, and self-care activities used to improve sleep among patients with restless legs syndrome: a qualitative content analysis.Journal of research in nursing : JRN · 2025Article
- Article
- Residual periodic limb movement index after CPAP therapy is associated with hypoxemia.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Pregabalin for Restless Legs Syndrome in Korean Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
- Machine learning-based prediction of restless legs syndrome using digital phenotypes from wearables and smartphone data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association Between Sleep-Related Leg Movements and Diabetes Prevalence: A Cohort Study From the United States.Cureus · 2025Article
- Prevalence of restless leg syndrome and associated comorbidities in a sub-saharan African general population: results from the Benin Society and Sleep (BeSAS) study.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Article
- Clinical features, plasma neurotransmitter levels and plasma neurohormone levels among patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease with sleep disorders.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- A patient-enriched MEIS1 coding variant causes a restless legs syndrome-like phenotype in mice.Sleep · 2024Article
- Longitudinal Cognitive Trajectories in Older Adults with Restless Legs Syndrome or Willis-Ekbom Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesThis study aims to explore the polysomnographically measured sleep and leg movement differences between idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients and healthy controls.
methodsAn electronic literature search was conducted in EMBASE, MEDLINE, all EBM databases, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Only observational case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. The differences in 13 sleep parameters and 23 leg movement parameters between RLS patients and healthy controls were explored.
resultsThirty-eight studies were identified for systematic review, 31 of which were used for meta-analysis. Meta-analyses revealed significant reductions in total sleep time, sleep efficiency, stage N2 and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep percentages, and increases in wake time after sleep onset, stage shifts per hour, stage N1 percentage, REM latency, arousal index, and apnea-hypopnea index. Some leg movement parameters, such as periodic limb movement during sleep (PLMS) index, PLMS sequence duration, number of PLMS sequence, and periodicity index, were higher in RLS patients compared with healthy controls. Further, our meta-analysis revealed a higher PLMS index during non-REM sleep compared with that during REM sleep.
conclusionsRLS patients manifest a lightening of sleep, increased sleep fragmentation, and greater sleep-related breathing disruption and limb movements during sleep relative to healthy normal individuals. The distributions of PLMS during a night's sleep may provide more information to clarify the specific characteristics of leg movements in RLS. PLMS in RLS are concentrated in non-REM sleep. The periodicity index may be a more sensitive and specific marker of RLS than the PLMS index. CITATION: Zhang H, Zhang Y, Ren R, et al. Polysomnographic features of idiopathic restless legs syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 sleep parameters and 23 leg movement parameters.
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