ArticleJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2022
Delayed high school start times and graduation and attendance rates over 4 years: the impact of race and socioeconomics.
Article in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sleep Is Integral to School Health and Adolescent Wellbeing: An Evidence-Based Call to Action.The Journal of school health · 2026Review
- School start times and racial disparities in early adolescent sleep.Sleep health · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesThe current study was designed to examine if improvements in high school graduation and attendance rates persist 4 years after start times later than 8:30 am. Socioeconomic status and race were accounted for in the graduation analysis.
methodsSchool-wide attendance and graduation records (n = 28 schools) from 1999-2017 were analyzed in August of 2021 using a repeated-measures analysis of variance at 5 points in time, 1 year predelay and 4 consecutive years postdelay start times.
resultsGraduation rates for students in grade 12 (n > 47,000) after postdelay year 4 increased from 80% to 90% (
conclusionsAttendance and graduation rates for all students improved after 4 years following a delayed start. Economically disadvantaged students and Black students showed significant changes in graduation rates postdelay year 4 and White students significantly improved postdelay years 2, 3, and 4. Adolescent students, especially economically and racially disadvantaged students, have a vulnerability for obtaining adequate sleep. Delaying high school start times is a cost-effective intervention that could promote sufficient sleep and boost graduation and attendance rates. CITATION: McKeever PM, Dodd R, O'Sullivan DM. Delayed high school start times and graduation and attendance rates over 4 years: the impact of race and socioeconomics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.