ArticleFrontiers in genetics2022
Causal Effect of Age at Menarche on the Risk for Depression: Results From a Two-Sample Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study.
Article in Frontiers in genetics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Causal effects of education attainment on oral and oropharyngeal cancer: New evidence from a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- The sex-specific role of adrenal androgens in youth psychopathology.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Genetic insights into the relationship between age at menarche and mental health-related phenotypes.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Article
- The association between age at menarche and subsequent risk of chronic pain.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Review
- No causal links between estradiol and female's brain and mental health using Mendelian randomization.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Central Precocious Puberty and Psychiatric Disorders.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- The causal role of male pubertal timing for the development of externalizing and internalizing traits: results from Mendelian randomization studies.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring the impact of electrocardiographic parameters on the risk of common arrhythmias: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- No relationship between male pubertal timing and depression - new insights from epidemiology and Mendelian randomization.Psychological medicine · 2024Article
- Assessing causal links between age at menarche and adolescent mental health: a Mendelian randomisation study.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- The causal association between gut microbiota and postpartum depression: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- The causal effects of age at menarche and age at menopause on sepsis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.PloS one · 2024Article
- Mendelian randomization studies of depression: evidence, opportunities, and challenges.Annals of general psychiatry · 2023Review
- Gut microbiota and atopic dermatitis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Menarche, Menstruation, Menopause and Mental Health (4M): a consortium facilitating interdisciplinary research at the intersection of menstrual and mental health.Frontiers in global women's health · 2023Article
- Are the Previously Reported Risk Factors for Endometriosis Actually Associated With Pain and Infertility Rather Than Endometriosis Itself?Reproductive medicine and biologyReview
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A fair number of epidemiological studies suggest that age at menarche (AAM) is associated with depression, but the reported effect sizes are small, and there is evidence of residual confounding. Moreover, previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to avoid inferential problems inherent to epidemiological studies have provided mixed findings. To clarify the causal relationship between age at menarche and broadly defined depression risk, we used 360 genome-wide significantly AAM-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variable and data from the latest GWAS for the broadly defined depression risk on 807,553 individuals (246,363 cases and 561,190 controls). Multiple methods to account for heterogeneity of the instrumental variable (penalized weighted median, MR Lasso, and contamination mixture method), systematic and idiosyncratic pleiotropy (MR RAPS), and horizontal pleiotropy (MR PRESSO and multivariable MR using three methods) were used. Body mass index, education attainment, and total white blood count were considered pleiotropic phenotypes in the multivariable MR analysis. In the univariable [inverse-variance weighted (IVW): OR = 0.96, 95% confidence interval = 0.94-0.98,
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