ArticleStem cell research & therapy2022
Retinoic acid and FGF10 promote the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into salivary gland placodes.
Article in Stem cell research & therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- FGF/FGFR signaling at the immune-stromal interface in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: from tissue remodeling to translational opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Organoid in dentistry: Models for oral biology and disease.Journal of dental sciences · 2025Review
- Biomedical applications of organoids derived from the digestive system.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Organoids in the oral and maxillofacial region: present and future.International journal of oral science · 2024Review
- Cancer therapy-related salivary dysfunction.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Review
- Exploring the Cocktail Factor Approach to Generate Salivary Gland Progenitors through Co-Culture Techniques.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2024Article
- Current developments and opportunities of pluripotent stem cells-based therapies for salivary gland hypofunction.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSalivary glands produce saliva that play essential roles in digestion and oral health. Derivation of salivary gland organoids from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provides a powerful platform to model the organogenesis processes during development. A few studies attempted to differentiate PSCs into salivary gland organoids. However, none of them could recapitulate the morphogenesis of the embryonic salivary glands, and most of the protocols involved complicated manufacturing processes.
methodsTo generate PSC-derived salivary gland placodes, the mouse embryonic stem cells were first differentiated into oral ectoderm by treatment with BMP4 on day 3. Retinoic acid and bFGF were then applied to the cultures from day 4 to day 6, followed by a 4-day treatment of FGF10. The PSC-derived salivary gland placodes on day 10 were transplanted to kidney capsules to determine the regenerative potential. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and RNA-sequencing were performed to identify the PSC-derived SG placodes.
resultsWe showed that step-wise treatment of retinoic acid and FGF10 promoted the differentiation of PSCs into salivary gland placodes, which can recapitulate the early morphogenetic events of their fetal counterparts, including the thickening, invagination, and then formed initial buds. The PSC-derived salivary gland placodes also differentiated into developing duct structures and could develop to striated and excretory ducts when transplanted in vivo.
conclusionsThe present study provided an easy and safe method to generate salivary gland placodes from PSCs, which offered possibilities for studying salivary gland development in vitro and developing new cell therapies.
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