ArticleBMJ open2022
Multilevel analysis of quality of antenatal care and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence, underlying causes, and determinants of maternal near miss in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Birth prevalence and risk factors of neural tube defects in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Random-effects modelling of timely initiation of breastfeeding in Tanzania: What predicts the practice?BMJ open · 2026Article
- Economic and Demographic Factors Associated With Antenatal Care Utilization in Bangladesh: An Ordered Response Analysis Using Cross-Sectional Data.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Trends and Inequities Related to Antenatal Care Utilization Among Pakistani Women From 1990 to 2019: An Insight From Demographic and Health Surveys.Journal of pregnancy · 2026Review
- Article
- Enhancing the antenatal care quality through incentivized routine health information system in Northwestern Ethiopia: a quasi-experimental study (2020-2021).BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Effect of high-quality antenatal care on skilled birth attendant utilization in Ethiopia: a propensity score matching analysis.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Receipt of adequate antenatal care and associated factors among women delivering in public hospitals, Afar region, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Determinants of Coexisting Anemia and Undernutrition Among Pregnant Women in Southern Ethiopia: A Multi-Level Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Provision of recommended antenatal care services in Ethiopia: missed opportunity for screening and counselling.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Delay in timing of first antenatal care utilisation among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel mixed effect analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Assessment of antenatal care quality in Ethiopia: Facility-based study using service provision assessment data.PloS one · 2025Article
- Bivariate multilevel modeling of antenatal care contacts and place of delivery among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia.PloS one · 2025Article
- Effective coverage of antenatal care and associated factors among pregnant women in Tanzania: a multilevel analysis.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Spatial distribution and determinants of solitary childbirth in Ethiopia: Evidence from the 2019 interim demographic and health survey.PloS one · 2025Article
- Antenatal care quality and detection of risk among pregnant women: An observational study in Ethiopia, India, Kenya, and South Africa.PLoS medicine · 2024Observational
- Risk factors for maternal near-miss in an undeveloped province in south-central China, 2012-2022.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Poor coverage of quality-adjusted antenatal care services: a population-level assessment by visit and source of antenatal care services in Bihar state of India.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the magnitude of quality of antenatal care and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia.
designA community-based cross-sectional study.
settingEthiopia.
participantsA total of 4757 weighted sample of pregnant women from 18 January 2016 to 27 June 2016, were included for this analysis. OUTCOME: Quality of antenatal care (ANC).
methodsOur analysis was based on secondary data using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. The quality of ANC was measured when all six essential components, such as blood pressure measurements, blood tests, urine tests, nutrition counselling, birth preparation advice during pregnancy and information on potential complications, were provided. Stata V.14 software was used for analysis. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was fitted. Adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CIs was used to show the strength and direction of the association. Statistical significance was declared at a p value less than 0.05.
resultsThe magnitude of quality of ANC in Ethiopia was 22.48% (95% CI: 21.31% to 23.69%). Educational status; primary (AOR=1.34; 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.68) and secondary (AOR=2.46; 95% CI: 1.76 to 3.45), middle (AOR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.72) and rich (AOR=2.08; 95% CI: 1.59 to 2.72) wealth status, being married (AOR=2.34; 95% CI: 1.08 to 5.10) and four or more ANC (AOR=2.01; 95% CI: 1.67 to 2.40) were statistically significant associated factors of quality ANC in Ethiopia.
conclusionsThis study found that nearly only one in five pregnant women received quality ANC during pregnancy. To improve the quality of ANC in Ethiopia, Ministry of Health and health facilities are needed to increase financial support strategies that enable pregnant women from poor households to use health services and enhance pregnant women's understanding of the significance of quality of ANC through health education. Additionally, Community health workers should also be placed on supporting unmarried pregnant women to have quality ANC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.