ArticleJournal of proteome research2022
Protein Expression Profile of ACE2 in the Normal and COVID-19-Affected Human Brain.
Article in Journal of proteome research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differential expression of viral entry protein neuropilin 1 (NRP1) and neuropilin 2 (NRP2) in fatal COVID-19.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- ACE2: Friend or Foe in Post-COVID-19 Neurodegeneration?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Neuroimmune pathophysiology of long COVID.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Review
- Modeling Virus-Associated Central Nervous System Disease in Non-Human Primates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 in human brain and its association with Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Fragments as a Read-Out of Brain Infection in Patients With COVID-19 Encephalopathy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Neurobiology of COVID-19-Associated Psychosis/Schizophrenia: Implication of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Review
- Role of Gut Microbiota in Long COVID: Impact on Immune Function and Organ System Health.Archives of microbiology & immunology · 2025Article
- Ependymal cells: roles in central nervous system infections and therapeutic application.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Multiciliated ependymal cells: an update on biology and pathology in the adult brain.Acta neuropathologica · 2024Review
- Unraveling the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein long-term effect on neuro-PASC.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- HIV and COVID-19: two pandemics with significant (but different) central nervous system complications.Free neuropathology · 2024Article
- Case report: unprecedented case of infantile cerebral infarction following COVID-19 and favorable outcome.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infects epithelial cells of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier rather than endothelial cells or pericytes of the blood-brain barrier.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human microglia through spike protein.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- ACE2 Receptor and TMPRSS2 Protein Expression Patterns in the Human Brainstem Reveal Anatomical Regions Potentially Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2023Article
- New aspects for the brain in Hartnup disease based on mining of high-resolution cellular mRNA expression data for SLC6A19.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2023Review
- Third cranial nerve palsy due to COVID-19 infection.BMJ case reports · 2023Article
- Long-Term Effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brain: Clinical Consequences and Molecular Mechanisms.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Mechanisms of gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed to be a global challenge. An increasing number of neurological symptoms have been linked to the COVID-19 disease, but the underlying mechanisms of such symptoms and which patients could be at risk are not yet established. The suggested key receptor for host cell entry is angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Previous studies on limited tissue material have shown no or low protein expression of ACE2 in the normal brain. Here, we used stringently validated antibodies and immunohistochemistry to examine the protein expression of ACE2 in all major regions of the normal brain. The expression pattern was compared with the COVID-19-affected brain of patients with a varying degree of neurological symptoms. In the normal brain, the expression was restricted to the choroid plexus and ependymal cells with no expression in any other brain cell types. Interestingly, in the COVID-19-affected brain, an upregulation of ACE2 was observed in endothelial cells of certain patients, most prominently in the white matter and with the highest expression observed in the patient with the most severe neurological symptoms. The data shows differential expression of ACE2 in the diseased brain and highlights the need to further study the role of endothelial cells in COVID-19 disease in relation to neurological symptoms.
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