ArticleDevelopmental medicine and child neurology2023
Longitudinal development of hand use in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy from 18 months to 18 years.
Article in Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence-based management and motor rehabilitation of cerebral palsy children and adolescents: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Early developmental trajectories of the impaired hand in infants with unilateral cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2025Trial
- Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities in Infants With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Translational Initiative to Minimize Childhood Hemiparesis After Asymmetrical Perinatal Brain Injury.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Long-term functional decline following upper limb botulinum toxin injections in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: A preliminary retrospective 5-year follow-up case-control study.Journal of children's orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Early neurological and developmental trajectories of infants at high risk of cerebral palsy in Bangladesh: a prospective longitudinal cohort study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Feasibility study of the assessment of upper limb function in children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy using an end-effector robotic device.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Relationship between participation across daily environments and bimanual performance in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: an ICF-based cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Effects of a Multimodal Neurorehabilitation Program on Gross Motor Function and Activity and Participation Performance in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A 9-Month Longitudinal Study.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy · 2026Article
- Review
- Upper limb training for young children with unilateral cerebral palsy using video coaching: An explorative retrospective clinical study.Australian occupational therapy journal · 2025Article
- Barriers, Facilitators, and a Proposed Model of Care for Implementation of Upper Limb Distributed Practice Approaches for Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Upper Limb Therapy for Infants and Young Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Clinical Framework.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Care Pathways in Rehabilitation for Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy: Distinctiveness of the Adaptation to the Italian Context.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Longitudinal development of hand use in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy from 18 months to 18 years.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo describe the development of the use of the affected hand in bimanual tasks in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) from 18 months to 18 years. Specifically, whether early development can be confirmed in a larger cohort and how development progresses during adolescence.
methodIn total, 171 participants (95 males, 76 females; mean age 3 years 1 month [SD 3 years 8 months], range 18 months-16 years at inclusion) were classified in Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) levels I (n = 41), II (n = 91), and III (n = 39). Children were assessed repeatedly (median 7, range 2-16 times) with the Assisting Hand Assessment: in total 1197 assessments. Developmental trajectories were estimated using a nonlinear mixed effects model. To further analyse the adolescent period, a linear mixed model was applied.
resultsThe developmental trajectories were different between participants in MACS levels (MACS I-II, II-III) in both rate (0.019, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.006-0.031, p = 0.034; 0.025, 95% CI 0.015-0.037, p < 0.001) and limit (19.9, 95% CI 16.6-23.3, p = 0.001; 7.2, 95% CI 3.3-11.2, p < 0.003). The individual variations were large within each level. The developmental trajectories were stable over time for all MACS levels between 7 and 18 years (p > 0.05).
interpretationChildren and adolescents with unilateral CP have considerable development at an early age and a stable ability to use their affected hand in bimanual activities from 7 to 18 years in all MACS levels.
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