ArticleFrontiers in medicine2022
Unexpected Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Before the Declaration of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Declined Humoral Immunity of Kidney Transplant Recipients to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Limited information is currently available regarding the global incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections prior to the declaration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which may result in improper conclusions regarding the timing of viral transmission. Methods: We investigated the presence of specific antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 in archived serum samples that were collected from 478 healthy blood donors and patients in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, between October 2019 and January 2020. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies. In addition, rheumatoid factor (RF) and urea dissociation tests were performed in all samples, which showed seropositivity for the SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody. Additionally, Chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIA) targeting the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein were performed to confirm the seropositivity of the samples. Results: Overall, 20 (4.18%) serum samples were detected by ELISA to have SARS-CoV-2 IgG or IgM antibodies. Of these, 12 (2.51%) samples were positive for IgM antibody, and 8 (1.67%) were positive for IgG antibody. The 12 samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody were subjected to RF and urea dissociation tests, and all samples were RF-negative. The ELISA results were negative for 7 (58.33%) samples when subjected to urea dissociation prior to ELISA, whereas the other 5 (41.67%) samples remained positive. These 5 samples remained positive for the anti-S RBD IgG antibody in the CLIA. In addition, 3 of the 8 samples with IgG positivity according to the ELISA remained positive in the CLIA. After reviewing their data, we discovered that the 8 CLIA-confirmed positive samples were obtained from returned travellers who had visited China during the 4-week period immediately preceding blood donation. Conclusion: In conclusion, we found evidence to support the early circulation of SARS-CoV-2 among persons who visited China a few months prior to the pandemic declaration. These results can be used to better define the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections before the COVID-19 pandemic declaration. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in individuals before the pandemic was declared in China could rewrite the pre-pandemic timeline.
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