Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2022
Early Expression of Functional Markers on CD4
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral adaptive immune cell counts and mortality in adult sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- An interpretable prediction model for severe sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in older ICU patients with sepsis: a prospective multicenter cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Immunoinflammatory biomarkers for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: a multicenter prospective cohort study.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Article
- Machine learning-based prediction of carbapenem-resistantFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Lymphocyte function inhibition and exhaustion in sepsis: mechanisms and applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Prognostic significance of lymphocyte PD-1 expression in combination with clinical scoring systems in patients with liver cirrhosis complicated by sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immune Biomarker Profiling Across Clinical States and Development of a SOFA-Integrated Model for 28-Day Mortality Prediction in Sepsis: A Prospective Cohort Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Dynamic alterations of lymphocyte subsets following sepsis in octogenarian and elder patients.Journal of intensive medicine · 2025Article
- T Cell Exhaustion and Function State Correlated With Outcomes in Patients With Intra-Abdominal Candidiasis.Mycoses · 2025Article
- ELF4 improves sepsis-induced myocardial injury by regulating STING signaling-mediated T cells differentiation.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Article
- Insights into sepsis-induced apoptosis: Interplay between programmed cell death and interleukin-7.Journal of critical care medicine (Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie din Targu-Mures) · 2025Review
- Low expression of CD39 on monocytes predicts poor survival in sepsis patients.Journal of intensive care · 2025Article
- Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of ARG2 in CXCR2Theranostics · 2025Article
- The Role of PD-1/PD-L1 and IL-7 in Lymphocyte Dynamics and Sepsis Progression: A Biomarker Study in Critically Ill Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Observational
- The Role of Programmed Cell Death 1/Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) Axis in Sepsis-Induced Apoptosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Observational
- Immunotherapy in the context of sepsis-induced immunological dysregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Peripheral PD-1Frontiers in immunology · 2024Observational
- The implication of targeting PD-1:PD-L1 pathway in treating sepsis through immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Regulatory role of the programmed cell death 1 signaling pathway in sepsis induced immunosuppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Monitoring of the Forgotten Immune System during Critical Illness-A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: There is evidence that metabolic disorder, dysfunction and abnormal apoptosis of immune cells are closely related to immunosuppression in sepsis. Single monitoring of exhaustion receptors does not reflect well the immune status of septic patients; therefore, we monitored immune status in relation to metabolism, function and apoptosis of immune cells to find good prognostic indicators for sepsis. Design: A single-center prospective observational study. Setting: Teaching hospital including an academic tertiary care center. Patients: 81 patients with sepsis and 22 without sepsis admitted to the ICU. Interventions: Patients were divided according to Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score: mild sepsis 2-5 points and severe sepsis ≥6 points. SOFA score was recalculated daily. If it changed by ≥2 points within 2 days, T-cell metabolism, function and apoptotic makers [mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), T-bet, interferon (IFN)-γ, granzyme B, and programmed cell death (PD)-1] were continuously monitored on days 1, 3 and 5 after admission. Measurements and Main Results: The overall status of immune cells was compared among patients with different severity of sepsis. Patients with severe sepsis, compared with mild and no sepsis, had lower lymphocyte counts, higher expression of receptors associated with cell metabolism, activation and apoptosis, and lower expression of functional receptors. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that frequency of CD4 Conclusions: Abnormally increased expression of metabolic and apoptotic receptors on CD4
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