Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35897975›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Towards a Low-Cost Solution for Gait Analysis Using Millimeter Wave Sensor and Machine Learning.

Mubarak A Alanazi, Abdullah K Alhazmi, Osama Alsattam, Kara Gnau, Meghan Brown, Shannon Thiel, Kurt Jackson, Vamsy P Chodavarapu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Human Pose Estimation for Clinical Analysis of Gait Pathologies.Bioinformatics and biology insights · 2024
    Article
  7. A Review and Tutorial on Machine Learning-Enabled Radar-Based Biomedical Monitoring.IEEE open journal of engineering in medicine and biology · 2024
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mubarak A AlanaziDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9701-3761
Abdullah K AlhazmiDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.
Osama AlsattamDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5964-1046
Kara GnauDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.
Meghan BrownDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.
Shannon ThielDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.
Kurt JacksonDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8351-1927
Vamsy P ChodavarapuDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9707-2964

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) that includes gait analysis may be useful for various rehabilitation and telemonitoring applications. Current gait analysis methods, such as wearables or cameras, have privacy and operational constraints, especially when used with older adults. Millimeter-Wave (MMW) radar is a promising solution for gait applications because of its low-cost, better privacy, and resilience to ambient light and climate conditions. This paper presents a novel human gait analysis method that combines the micro-Doppler spectrogram and skeletal pose estimation using MMW radar for HAR. In our approach, we used the Texas Instruments IWR6843ISK-ODS MMW radar to obtain the micro-Doppler spectrogram and point clouds for 19 human joints. We developed a multilayer Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to recognize and classify five different gait patterns with an accuracy of 95.7 to 98.8% using MMW radar data. During training of the CNN algorithm, we used the extracted 3D coordinates of 25 joints using the Kinect V2 sensor and compared them with the point clouds data to improve the estimation. Finally, we performed a real-time simulation to observe the point cloud behavior for different activities and validated our system against the ground truth values. The proposed method demonstrates the ability to distinguish between different human activities to obtain clinically relevant gait information.

Indexed as

Gait AnalysisRadarAgedAlgorithmsGaitHumansMachine Learning3D point-cloudgait analysishuman gait recognitionIWR6843ISK-ODSmachine learningmmWave radarneural networkNvidia Jetson nano

Identifiers

PMID35897975
PMCPMC9330716

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.