ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Thermal Control Using Far-Infrared Irradiation for Producing Deglycosylated Bioactive Compounds from Korean Ginseng Leaves.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Leaf development is associated with coupled metabolome-fungi trajectories in the phyllosphere of Panax ginseng.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- The rise of dehydrated ginsenosides: phytochemistry and pharmacology.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Increasing the Amounts of Bioactive Components in American Ginseng (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Tissue-Specific Antioxidant Activities of Germinated Seeds in Lentil Cultivars during Thermal Processing.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Accumulation of Antioxidative Phenolics and Carotenoids Using Thermal Processing in Different Stages ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
Although ginseng leaf is a good source of health-beneficial phytochemicals, such as polyphenols and ginsenosides, few studies have focused on the variation in compounds and bioactivities during leaf thermal processing. The efficiency of far-infrared irradiation (FIR) between 160 °C and 200 °C on the deglycosylation of bioactive compounds in ginseng leaves was analyzed. FIR treatment significantly increased the total polyphenol content (TPC) and kaempferol production from panasenoside conversion. The highest content or conversion ratio was observed at 180 °C (FIR-180). Major ginsenoside contents gradually decreased as the FIR temperature increased, while minor ginsenoside contents significantly increased. FIR exhibited high efficiency to produce dehydrated minor ginsenosides, of which F4, Rg6, Rh4, Rk3, Rk1, and Rg5 increased to their highest levels at FIR-190, by 278-, 149-, 176-, 275-, 64-, and 81-fold, respectively. Moreover, significantly increased antioxidant activities were also observed in FIR-treated leaves, particularly FIR-180, mainly due to the breakage of phenolic polymers to release antioxidants. These results suggest that FIR treatment is a rapid and efficient processing method for producing various health-beneficial bioactive compounds from ginseng leaves. After 30 min of treatment without leaf burning, FIR-190 was the optimum temperature for producing minor ginsenosides, whereas FIR-180 was the optimum temperature for producing polyphenols and kaempferol. In addition, the results suggested that the antioxidant benefits of ginseng leaves are mainly due to polyphenols rather than ginsenosides.
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