ArticleNeurocritical care2023
Processed Electroencephalogram-Based Monitoring to Guide Sedation in Critically Ill Adult Patients: Recommendations from an International Expert Panel-Based Consensus.
Article in Neurocritical care, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Sistema de monitorización multiparámetros Para sedación de Pacientes críticos en UCI (ROMANTIC: multipaRameter mOnitoring systeM for sedAtion iNThe ICu)
Feasibility Study: Precision Sedation in Intensive Care Using Neurophysiologic and Respiratory Targets.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of Objective Sedation Monitoring Practices in Critically Ill Adult Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Critical care explorations · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of the orexin receptor antagonist, suvorexant, on sleep architecture in the early postoperative period following cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Trial
- HOPFIT: A neuro-cardiovascular monitoring framework for precision sedation, anaesthesia, and resuscitation.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2026Review
- Nociception index-monitored extubation is associated with improved hemodynamic stability and recovery efficiency in the post-anesthesia care unit: a single-center randomized controlled trial.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2026Article
- Brain monitoring during anesthesia and critical care: a call for research, collaboration, and implementation.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2026Article
- Accuracy and Documentation of Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale Assessments in a Cardiothoracic Critical Care Unit: A Prospective, Cross-Sectional Audit.Nursing in critical care · 2026Article
- Monitoring the Depth of Sedation During Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Clinical Recommendations.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Missing Data Gap Imputation Methods in Electroencephalogram (EEG) Signals: A Systematic Scoping Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Target controlled infusion in the intensive care unit: a scoping review.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2026Article
- Indian expert consensus on intra-operative consciousness monitoring using processed electroencephalogram-based indices: A Delphi-based approach.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2026Article
- The silent line: confronting iatrogenic cerebral suppression in the perioperative and critical care settings.Intensive care medicine · 2026Article
- Polyelectromyography Under Propofol to Differentiate Functional from Idiopathic Dystonia: A Pilot Study.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Article
- Comparison of NeuroSENSEEuropean journal of anaesthesiology and intensive care · 2026Article
- Controversial Aspects in Sedative Techniques for Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE)-A Narrative Review.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Clinical Electroencephalography for Anesthesiologists and Intensivists: Part 2-Physiologic Signatures and Active Management.Anesthesiology · 2025Review
- Sedation in Critically Ill Children.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Sedation management and processed EEG-based solutions during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a narrative review of key challenges and potential benefits.Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs · 2025Review
- Systemic role of orexin A, substance P, bradykinin, and DABK in severe COVID-19 and 2.5-yr follow-ups: an observational study.BJA open · 2025Article
- Sedatives in neurocritical care: the old, the new, the future.Intensive care medicine · 2025Article
- Electroencephalogram monitoring during anesthesia and critical care: a guide for the clinician.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 18 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe use of processed electroencephalography (pEEG) for depth of sedation (DOS) monitoring is increasing in anesthesia; however, how to use of this type of monitoring for critical care adult patients within the intensive care unit (ICU) remains unclear.
methodsA multidisciplinary panel of international experts consisting of 21 clinicians involved in monitoring DOS in ICU patients was carefully selected on the basis of their expertise in neurocritical care and neuroanesthesiology. Panelists were assigned four domains (techniques for electroencephalography [EEG] monitoring, patient selection, use of the EEG monitors, competency, and training the principles of pEEG monitoring) from which a list of questions and statements was created to be addressed. A Delphi method based on iterative approach was used to produce the final statements. Statements were classified as highly appropriate or highly inappropriate (median rating ≥ 8), appropriate (median rating ≥ 7 but < 8), or uncertain (median rating < 7) and with a strong disagreement index (DI) (DI < 0.5) or weak DI (DI ≥ 0.5 but < 1) consensus.
resultsAccording to the statements evaluated by the panel, frontal pEEG (which includes a continuous colored density spectrogram) has been considered adequate to monitor the level of sedation (strong consensus), and it is recommended by the panel that all sedated patients (paralyzed or nonparalyzed) unfit for clinical evaluation would benefit from DOS monitoring (strong consensus) after a specific training program has been performed by the ICU staff. To cover the gap between knowledge/rational and routine application, some barriers must be broken, including lack of knowledge, validation for prolonged sedation, standardization between monitors based on different EEG analysis algorithms, and economic issues.
conclusionsEvidence on using DOS monitors in ICU is still scarce, and further research is required to better define the benefits of using pEEG. This consensus highlights that some critically ill patients may benefit from this type of neuromonitoring.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.