ArticleToxics2022
Morphometrical, Morphological, and Immunocytochemical Characterization of a Tool for Cytotoxicity Research: 3D Cultures of Breast Cell Lines Grown in Ultra-Low Attachment Plates.
Article in Toxics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Three-dimensional spheroid models in breast cancer: tumor microenvironment complexity, cancer stem cell-driven resistance, and translational model integration.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- The Application of 3D Cell Culture in Thyroid Cancer.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- From inserts to 3D spheroids: MAC-T and BME-UV1 co-culture models for in vitro reconstruction of the bovine mammary epithelial architecture.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Benchmarking Ultra-Low Attachment and Photopatterned GelMA 3D Culture Platforms for Modeling Cancer Stemness in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer.Biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional culture of tumor cells (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Article
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- Guide to dynamic OCT data analysis.Biomedical optics express · 2025Article
- 3D In Vitro Models of Breast Cancer: Current Challenges and Future Prospects Toward Recapitulating the Microenvironment and Mimicking Key Processes.Advanced biology · 2025Review
- Structure-activity insights and molecular modeling approaches of anti-TNBC agents: a comprehensive systematic review.Future science OA · 2025Review
- Article
- The 3D Language of Cancer: Communication via Extracellular Vesicles from Tumor Spheroids and Organoids.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Navigating the Collective: Nanoparticle-Assisted Identification of Leader Cancer Cells During Migration.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- A Step Forward in the Characterization of Primary Brown Trout Hepatocytic Spheroids as Experimental Models.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Microstructured soft devices for the growth and analysis of populations of homogenous multicellular tumor spheroids.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2023Article
- Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Preussin, a Marine Fungal Metabolite, against the Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line, MDA-MB-231, in 2D and 3D Cultures.Marine drugs · 2023Article
- Immune microenvironment dynamics of HER2 overexpressing breast cancer under dual anti-HER2 blockade.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell cultures may better mimic avascular tumors. Yet, they still lack characterization and standardization. Therefore, this study aimed to (a) generate multicellular aggregates (MCAs) of four breast cell lines: MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and SKBR3 (tumoral) and MCF12A (non-tumoral) using ultra-low attachment (ULA) plates, (b) detail the methodology used for their formation and analysis, providing technical tips, and (c) characterize the MCAs using morphometry, qualitative cytology (at light and electron microscopy), and quantitative immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis. Each cell line generated uniform MCAs with structural differences among cell lines: MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 MCAs showed an ellipsoid/discoid shape and compact structure, while MCF12A and SKBR3 MCAs were loose, more flattened, and presented bigger areas. MCF7 MCAs revealed glandular breast differentiation features. ICC showed a random distribution of the proliferating and apoptotic cells throughout the MCAs, not fitting in the traditional spheroid model. ICC for cytokeratin, vimentin, and E-cadherin showed different results according to the cell lines. Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors were positive only in MCF7 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) in SKBR3. The presented characterization of the MCAs in non-exposed conditions provided a good baseline to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of potential anticancer compounds.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.