ArticlePharmaceutics2022
Reconstructed Human Epidermis: An Alternative Approach for In Vitro Bioequivalence Testing of Topical Products.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pharmacokinetic Relevance of In Vitro Skin Models: Absorption, Cutaneous Distribution, Metabolism, and Clearance-like Removal in Dermal and Transdermal Drug Testing.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Development and evaluation of multifunctional niosomal cream encapsulating tretinoin and integrated with hyaluronic acid and ceramides.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Ultradeformable Vesicles for Wound Healing: Ethosomes, Transferosomes, and Transethosomes in Topical Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Lavender Essential Oil-Induced Enhancement of Exercise-Responsive Myokine Expression and Alteration of Muscle-Related Gene Networks in an in Vitro Muscle Contraction Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- In Vitro Permeation Testing of Sunscreens using Reconstructed Human Skin versus Human Cadaver Skin Models.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Revolutionizing transdermal drug delivery evaluation: the evolution from traditional models to skin organoids and the integration of artificial intelligence.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Drug Permeation Enhancement by Using In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cutaneous Pharmacokinetics of Topically Applied Novel Dermatological Formulations.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2024Review
- A versatile, bioengineered skin reconstruction device designed for use in austere environments.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The use of in vitro human skin permeation tests is of value when addressing the quality and equivalence of topical drug products in Europe and the US. Human skin is the membrane of choice for these studies. The use of human skin as a membrane is hindered by limited access, high variability of results, and limited applicability for drugs with low skin permeability. Reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) models are validated as skin surrogates for safety tests and have been explored for percutaneous absorption testing. Clotrimazole poorly permeates human skin and is widely available for topical treatments. In this study, clotrimazole creams were used to test the ability of RhE to be used as biological membrane for bioequivalence testing, based on the Draft Guideline on Quality and Equivalence of Topical Products (CHMP/QWP/708282/2018) using a discriminative and modified in vitro permeation test (IVPT). To fulfill the validation of a discriminatory method, Canesten
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.