ArticleCells2022
Breast Cancer during Pregnancy as a Special Type of Early-Onset Breast Cancer: Analysis of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Risk Profiles.
Article in Cells, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Characterization of the tumor immune microenvironment in pregnancy-associated breast cancer through multiplex immunohistochemistry and transcriptome analyses.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Serum Proteomic Signatures of Pregnancy-associated Breast Cancer.Cancer genomics & proteomics · 2025Article
- Effects of pregnancy on breast cancer immunology: immune biomarker and TIL quantification.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- The Potential Diagnostic Application of Artificial Intelligence in Breast Cancer.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Article
- Towards targeting the breast cancer immune microenvironment.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2024Review
- Early Breast Cancer Risk Assessment: Integrating Histopathology with Artificial Intelligence.Cancers · 2024Review
- Advances in Early Breast Cancer Risk Profiling: From Histopathology to Molecular Technologies.Cancers · 2023Review
- Letter to the editor regarding the article "pregnancy-associated breast cancer: a multicenter study comparing clinicopathological factors, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes with non-pregnant patients".Breast cancer research and treatment · 2023Article
- Breast Carcinogenesis during Pregnancy: Molecular Mechanisms, Maternal and Fetal Adverse Outcomes.Biology · 2023Review
- Immune microenvironment dynamics in breast cancer during pregnancy: impact of gestational age on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and prognosis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast cancer during pregnancy (PrBC) is a rare tumor with only a little information on its immune landscape. Here, we sought to characterize the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of PrBC and identify its differences from early-onset breast cancer (EOBC) in non-pregnant women. A total of 83 PrBC and 89 EOBC were selected from our Institutional registry and subjected to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) profiling and immunohistochemistry for CD4, CD8, forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) (clone 22C3). A significantly lower frequency of hormone receptor (HR)-positive tumors was observed in PrBC. The prevalence of low/null PD-L1 and CD8+TILs was higher in PrBC than in the controls, specifically in HR+/HER2- breast cancers. PrBC had a significantly higher risk of relapse and disease-related death, compared to EOBC. The presence of TILs and each TIL subpopulation were significantly associated with disease relapse. Moreover, the death rate was higher in PrBC with CD8+ TILs. The TME of PrBC is characterized by specific patterns of TIL subpopulations with significant biological and prognostic roles. Routine assessment of TILs and TILs subtyping in these patients would be a valid addition to the pathology report that might help identify clinically relevant subsets of women with PrBC.
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