Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35892436›Full record

ReviewClinics and practice2022

Screening of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Teleophthalmology to Complement Human Resources for Eye Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Thembile Zikhali, Chester Kalinda, Zamadonda Nokuthula Xulu-Kasaba

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Clinics and practice, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Systemic Diseases and the Eye: A Translational Perspective on Diabetes.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2026
    Review
  3. Automated diabetic retinopathy grading and screening using deep learning.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Thembile ZikhaliDepartment of Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-3921-6103
Chester KalindaBill and Joyce Cummings Institute of Global Health, University of Global Health Equity (UGHE), Kigali 20093, Rwanda.ORCID 0000-0002-8144-0248
Zamadonda Nokuthula Xulu-KasabaDepartment of Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-2729-8639
University of KwaZulu-Natal · ZAUniversity of Global Health Equity · RW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy is a vascular disease of the retina that affects patients with uncontrolled diabetes. Untreated diabetic retinopathy (DR) can eventually lead to blindness. To date, diabetic retinopathy is the third leading cause of vision loss in the working class globally. Frequent retinal screening for all diabetic people is an effective method of preventing diabetic retinopathy blindness. This has relied on the use of ophthalmologists, but due to scarce resources, such as a shortage of human resources for eye health, this has denied many patients quality eye health care in a resource-limited setting. The recent advances on the use of teleophthalmology are promising to close this gap. This study aimed to map available evidence on the use of teleophthalmology in the screening of DR globally and to explore how this can be used to complement short-staffed eye clinics, especially in resource-constrained contexts. Studies were sourced from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and EBSCO host. The final study selection was presented using a PRISMA chart. The mixed method appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of the nine studies included. The random effect model was used to estimate pooled prevalence estimates. Levels of heterogeneity were evaluated using Cochran's Q statistic and I

Indexed as

blindnessdiabetesdiabetic retinopathyscreeningteleophthalmology

Identifiers

PMID35892436
PMCPMC9326517
OpenAlexW4283720431

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.