ReviewBrain sciences2022
Tolerance to Stimulant Medication for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Literature Review and Case Report.
Review in Brain sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tolerance and Tachyphylaxis to Medications for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies.CNS drugs · 2026Pooled it
- Assessing the impact of mindfulness programs on attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review.BMC pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Addictive Potential of Methylphenidate: A Systematic Review of Human and Preclinical Behavioral, Clinical and Neurobiological Evidence.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Change in Mindfulness-Based Family Intervention (MYmind) Versus Methylphenidate for Childhood ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- ADHD treatments move beyond stimulants.Nature · 2026Article
- Advances in ADHD, An Opportunity for Learning and Further Research.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Unveiling Social Media Content Related to ADHD Treatment: Machine Learning Study Using X's Posts over 15 Years.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effects of 4-Month Methylphenidate Treatment on Functional Connectivity in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Drug Holidays May Attenuate Beneficial Effects of Treatment on Emotion Regulation and Recognition Among Children with ADHD: A Single-Center, Prospective Study.Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Examining the Myth of Prescribed Stimulant Misuse among Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- An exploratory analysis of the performance of methylphenidate regimens based on a PKPD model of dopamine and norepinephrine transporter occupancy.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2023Article
- Alpha modulation via transcranial alternating current stimulation in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recommended treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) includes stimulant medication. While these medicines are effective for most ADHD patients, benefits may wear off, suggesting tolerance. This paper reviews the published literature on tolerance to stimulant medication treatment for ADHD. As there are relatively few studies published, pivotal studies and ADHD treatment guidelines were also reviewed. Research demonstrates physiological changes related to continued stimulant usage in neurons and certain brain regions, suggesting a mechanism for tolerance development. One clinical study showed that 24.7% of patients developed tolerance to stimulants in the time of days to weeks; another showed 2.7% developed tolerance over 10 years. Long term follow-up studies demonstrate that medication response may lessen over longer durations of treatment in a high percentage of patients. Strategies to manage tolerance include switching stimulant medicines, drug holidays, or clinical reassessment. Three cases illustrate challenges with treating patients who develop tolerance to stimulant medication. The paucity of research and lack of guidance to clinicians may contribute to significant under recognition of tolerance to stimulant medication. Further research is required to define clinical tolerance for stimulants in ADHD and to provide guidance on identifying and managing tolerance in clinical practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.