ArticleViruses2022
SARS-CoV-2 Specific Immune Response and Inflammatory Profile in Advanced HIV-Infected Persons during a COVID-19 Outbreak.
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reduced cytokine levels among people living with HIV (PLWH) in ghana co-infected with human coronaviruses.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Characteristics of humoral and T-cell immune responses in people living with HIV after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection during December 2022 to January 2023.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Investigating the relationship between the IL-17 rs2275913, IL-17 rs763780, and the IL-6 rs1800795 genotypes in HIV-positive patients with COVID-19.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Immune Dysregulation in HIV and COVID-19 Co-infection: Therapeutic Implications.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- T-Cell Phenotypes and Systemic Cytokine Profiles of People Living with HIV Admitted to Hospital with COVID-19.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Article
- The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Clinical outcomes and immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2024Review
- HIV and Co-Infections: Updates and Insights.Viruses · 2023Article
- Immunologic Interplay Between HIV/AIDS and COVID-19: Adding Fuel to the Flames?Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to describe the clinical and immunological outcomes, as well as the inflammatory profile, of patients with advanced HIV in an assisted-living facility in which an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 occurred. SARS-CoV-2 humoral and specific T-cell response were analyzed in patients with HIV infection and COVID-19; as a secondary objective of the analysis, levels of the inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα) were tested in the HIV/COVID-19 group, in HIV-positive patients without COVID-19, and in HIV-negative patients with mild/moderate COVID-19. Antibody kinetics and ability to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated by ELISA assay, as well as the inflammatory cytokines; SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response was quantified by ELISpot assay. Mann−Whitney or Kruskal−Wallis tests were used for comparisons. Thirty patients were included with the following demographics: age, 57 years old (IQR, 53−62); 76% male; median HIV duration of infection, 18 years (15−29); nadir of CD4, 57/mmc (23−100) current CD4 count, 348/mmc (186−565). Furthermore, 83% had at least one comorbidity. The severity of COVID-19 was mild/moderate, and the overall mortality rate was 10% (3/30). Additionally, 90% of patients showed positive antibody titers and neutralizing activity, with a 100% positive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response over time, suggesting the ability to induce an effective specific immunity. Significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in COVID-19 without HIV vs. HIV/COVID-19 patients (p < 0.05) were observed. HIV infection did not seem to negatively impact COVID-19-related inflammatory state and immunity. Further data are mandatory to evaluate the persistence of these immunity and its ability to expand after exposure and/or vaccination.
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