ReviewViruses2022
Hepatitis B Vaccination: A Historical Overview with a Focus on the Italian Achievements.
Review in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B vaccine uptake among undergraduate medical students in Tanzania: A cross-sectional study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- A Review of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection in Botswana.Viruses · 2026Review
- Progress and challenge of hepatitis B virus mucosal vaccines.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Dysfunction of circulating follicular helper T cells in people living with HIV who are HBV small surface protein antibody (HBsAb)-negative despite HBV vaccination.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- MZB1 expression levels are associated with long-term maintenance of high anti-HBs titers: single-cell RNA-seq with validation by nested case-control and intervention studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Hepatitis B Serological Immunity and Exposure Among Blood Donors in Southern Croatia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Article
- Next-Generation Vaccine Platforms: Integrating Synthetic Biology, Nanotechnology, and Systems Immunology for Improved Immunogenicity.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Functional Cure for Hepatitis B Virus: Challenges and Achievements.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Hepatitis B virus infection after immunization: How serious it is? An updated review.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Long-Term Effects of Direct-Acting Antivirals on Hepatitis C: Trends in Liver Disease-Related Hospitalisations in Italy.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2025Article
- Efficacy of HBV booster dose administration in Italian medical students in relation to health determinants.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Observational
- Adverse event reporting following immunization of hepatitis B vaccine: A 13-year review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Survey of Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage and Surface Antibody-Positive Rates in People Aged 1-59 Years in 2006 and 2024.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The Effectiveness and Sero-Immunity of Hepatitis B Vaccination in People Who Use Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Factors predicting the level of vaccine protection against hepatitis B virus infection among physicians and nurses in Šabac, Serbia.Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2024Article
- [Expert recommendations on hepatitis B vaccination in adults].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2024Article
- Hepatitis B Vaccine: Four Decades on.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Prevalence of Hepatitis B in Canadian First-Time Blood Donors: Association with Social Determinants of Health.Viruses · 2024Article
- Serological and Molecular Characterization of Occult HBV Infection in Blood Donors from South Italy.Viruses · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective way to control and prevent acute and chronic hepatitis B, including cirrhosis and HCC, on a global scale. According to WHO recommendations, 190 countries in the world have introduced hepatitis B vaccination into their national childhood immunization programs with an excellent profile of safety, immunogenicity, and effectiveness. Following vaccination, seroprotection rates are close to 100% in healthy children and over 95% in healthy adults. Persistence of anti-HBs is related to the antibody peak achieved after vaccination. The peak is higher the longer the antibody duration is. Loss of anti-HBs does not necessarily mean loss of immunity since most vaccinated individuals retain immune memory for HBsAg and rapidly develop strong anamnestic responses when boosted. Evidence indicates that the duration of protection can persist for at least 35 years after priming. Hence, booster doses of vaccines are currently not recommended to sustain long-term immunity in healthy vaccinated individuals. In Italy, vaccination against hepatitis B is met with success. In 2020, Italy became one of the first countries in Europe to be validated for achieving the WHO regional hepatitis B control targets.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.