ReviewViruses2022
Understanding Immune Responses to Viruses-Do Underlying Th1/Th2 Cell Biases Predict Outcome?
Review in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infection Risk in Dermatology Patients Receiving Next-Generation Medication: A Meta-Analysis of JAK Inhibitors and Biologics.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Nanoparticle-mediated dual delivery of MHC class I and II antigens enhances T cell immunity and anti-tumor potency.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Enterovirus infections in children.Pediatric investigation · 2026Review
- A comprehensive look at Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): from pathogenesis to prevention.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2026Review
- Distinct cellular signatures in aplastic and intermittent phenotypes of immune effector cell-associated hematotoxicity.Annals of hematology · 2026Article
- Targeting Leukopoiesis: Pharmacological and Biotechnological Strategies for the Treatment of Leukopenia.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Particularly strong immune response to influenza vaccination in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis linked to systemic inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- More than malaria: ExploringCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Review
- Potential Determinants of Progression from Cough-Variant Asthma to Classic Asthma in Children: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Clinical Research Gaps.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2026Review
- Soluble recombinant enterovirus 71 VP1 fused to truncated newcastle disease virus nucleoprotein elicits immune responses in mice.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Article
- hMPV co-infections: Distinct immunopathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications of viral and bacterial pathogenesis.Folia microbiologica · 2025Review
- Detection of PEG-specific antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative sera with implications for autoimmune reactivity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- The Application of Single-Cell Technologies for Vaccine Development Against Viral Infections.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Delivery of PLGA-Loaded Influenza Vaccine Microparticles Using Dissolving Microneedles Induces a Robust Immune Response.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Enteroviruses Activate Cellular Innate Immune Responses Prior to Adaptive Immunity and Tropism Contributes to Severe Viral Pathogenesis.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Delayed viral clearance and altered inflammatory responses affect severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in aged mice.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- Exploring Asthma as a Protective Factor in COVID-19 Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- In Asthma, Change Is the Only Constant.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Oral Immunisation With Non-GMO Surface Displayed SARS-CoV-2 Spike Epitopes on Bacteria-Like Particles Provokes Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses, and Modulated the Gut Microbiome in Mice.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases have increased in number and geographical extent during the last decades. Examples include the current COVID-19 pandemic and the recent epidemics of the Chikungunya, Ebola, and Zika viruses. Immune responses to viruses have been well-characterised within the innate and adaptive immunity pathways with the outcome following viral infection predominantly attributed to properties of the virus and circumstances of the infection. Perhaps the belief that the immune system is often considered as a reactive component of host defence, springing into action when a threat is detected, has contributed to a poorer understanding of the inherent differences in an individual's immune system in the absence of any pathology. In this review, we focus on how these host factors (age, ethnicity, underlying pathologies) may skew the T helper cell response, thereby influencing the outcome following viral infection but also whether we can use these inherent biases to predict patients at risk of a deviant response and apply strategies to avoid or overcome them.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.