ArticleViruses2022
Insights into Genetic Characteristics and Virological Features of Endemic Avian Influenza A (H9N2) Viruses in Egypt from 2017-2021.
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transmission Pathways of Zoonotic Influenza Viruses and Influencing Factors: A Systematic Review of Recent Findings.Viruses · 2025Pooled it
- Genetic and Pathogenicity Studies of Avian Influenza (H9N2) Virus Isolated from Chickens in Jiangsu Province, China, in 2025.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Investigation into the efficacy of a commercially available inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) vaccine (H9N2) through experimental and field assessments, with an emphasis on its compatibility with recent AIV (H9N2) G1-sublineage isolates.Veterinary research communications · 2025Article
- Isolation, characterization and phylogenetic analyses of avian influenza A (H9N2) viruses isolated from poultry between 2019 and 2023 in Egypt.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Genomic surveillance of influenza A virus in live bird markets during the COVID-19 pandemic.Veterinary world · 2025Article
- Newcastle disease virus in Egyptian domestic poultry, 2019-2021: Molecular characterization, phylogenetic analysis, and coinfection with avian influenza A virus.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Avian Influenza A(H9N2) Viruses from Live Bird Markets (LBM) in Senegal.Viruses · 2025Article
- Avian influenza overview June-September 2024.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Genotypic and phenotypic susceptibility of emerging avian influenza A viruses to neuraminidase and cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitors.Antiviral research · 2024Article
- Article
- Molecular characterization of the whole genome of H9N2 avian influenza virus isolated from Egyptian poultry farms.Archives of virology · 2024Article
- Development of Virus-like Particle Plant-Based Vaccines against Avian H5 and H9 Influenza A Viruses.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Role of research Laboratories in pandemic and epidemic response in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Experiences from COVID-19, avian influenza, and MERS-CoV.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- Genetic, Antigenic, and Pathobiological Characterization of H9 and H6 Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated in Vietnam from 2014 to 2018.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b in Wild Birds and Live Bird Markets, Egypt.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
From 2010 to 2013, genotype I avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses of the G1-lineage were isolated from several poultry species in Egypt. In 2014, novel reassortant H9N2 viruses were detected in pigeons designated as genotype II. To monitor the subsequent genetic evolution of Egyptian A(H9N2) viruses, we characterized the full genomes of 173 viruses isolated through active surveillance from 2017 to 2022. In addition, we compared the virological characteristics and pathogenicity of representative viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA indicated that all studied sequences from 2017-2021 were grouped into G1-like H9N2 viruses previously detected in Egypt. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Egyptian A(H9N2) viruses had undergone further reassortment, inheriting four genes (PB2, PB1, PA, NS) from genotype II, with their remaining segments deriving from genotype I viruses (these viruses designated as genotype III). Studying the virological features of the two most dominant genotypes (I and III) of Egyptian H9N2 viruses in vitro and in vivo indicated that both replicated well in mammalian cells, but did not show any clinical signs in chickens, ducks, and mice. Monitoring avian influenza viruses through surveillance programs and understanding the genetic and antigenic characteristics of circulating H9N2 viruses are essential for risk assessment and influenza pandemic preparedness.
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