ArticleViruses2022
Recombinant LSDV Strains in Asia: Vaccine Spillover or Natural Emergence?
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of epidemiological modelling in response to lumpy skin disease outbreaks.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Pooled it
- Lumpy Skin Disease: A Systematic Review of Mode of Transmission, Risk of Emergence and Risk Entry Pathway.Viruses · 2023Pooled it
- The global scenario of lumpy skin disease, its epidemiological investigation, and prevalence in livestock: A review.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Review
- Review
- First outbreak of lumpy skin disease in Japan, 2024.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2025Article
- Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Pathogenesis: Viral Protein Functions and Comparative Insights from Vaccinia Virus.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Integrating Serological and Genomic Data to Elucidate Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Diversity in Cattle from Bangladesh.Viruses · 2025Article
- A goatpox but not sheeppox heterologous live attenuated vaccines provide complete protection against lumpy skin disease in cattle under experimental conditions.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Host transcriptome profiling for resistance against lumpy skin disease (LSD).BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Clinical and molecular description of natural infections with an Asian strain of lumpy skin disease virus in Bos indicus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Genetic characterization of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) isolates from an outbreak on Great Nicobar Island, India, in 2022 reveals the involvement of a cluster 2.5 recombinant LSDV strain (East/Southeast Asian lineage).Archives of virology · 2025Article
- Development of a Multi-Locus Real-Time PCR with a High-Resolution Melting Assay to Differentiate Wild-Type, Asian Recombinant, and Vaccine Strains of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Which Proteins? The Challenge of Identifying the Protective Antigens for Next-Generation Capripoxvirus Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Lumpy skin disease: A growing threat to the global livestock industry.Open veterinary journal · 2025Review
- Review
- Descriptive Epidemiological Analysis for the First Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in Japan in 2024.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Replication and Virulence in Cattle of the First Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Isolated in Xinjiang, China (2019).Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Exploring the function and pathogenicity of Goatpox virus N1L gene using recombinant vaccinia virus Tiantan strain.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Two proteins, one goal: ELISAs based on p32 and L1R for LSDV antibodies detection.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
From 2017 to 2019, several vaccine-like recombinant strains of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) were discovered in Kazakhstan and neighbouring regions of Russia and China. Shortly before their emergence, the authorities in Kazakhstan launched a mass vaccination campaign with the Neethling-based Lumpivax vaccine. Since none of the other countries in the affected region had used a homologous LSDV vaccine, it was soon suspected that the Lumpivax vaccine was the cause of these unusual LSDV strains. In this study, we performed a genome-wide molecular analysis to investigate the composition of two Lumpivax vaccine batches and to establish a possible link between the vaccine and the recent outbreaks. Although labelled as a pure Neethling-based LSDV vaccine, the Lumpivax vaccine appears to be a complex mixture of multiple CaPVs. Using an iterative enrichment/assembly strategy, we obtained the complete genomes of a Neethling-like LSDV vaccine strain, a KSGP-like LSDV vaccine strain and a Sudan-like GTPV strain. The same analysis also revealed the presence of several recombinant LSDV strains that were (almost) identical to the recently described vaccine-like LSDV strains. Based on their InDel/SNP signatures, the vaccine-like recombinant strains can be divided into four groups. Each group has a distinct breakpoint pattern resulting from multiple recombination events, with the number of genetic exchanges ranging from 126 to 146. The enormous divergence of the recombinant strains suggests that they arose during seed production. The recent emergence of vaccine-like LSDV strains in large parts of Asia is, therefore, most likely the result of a spillover from animals vaccinated with the Lumpivax vaccine.
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