ArticleVaccines2022
Real-World Effectiveness of Mix-and-Match Vaccine Regimens against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in Thailand: A Nationwide Test-Negative Matched Case-Control Study.
Article in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness of Booster Doses Against Delta and Omicron Variants Over Follow-up Times Using Longitudinal Meta-analysis.Journal of research in health sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of homologous or heterologous immunization regimens against SARS-CoV-2 after two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- Long-term effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against infections, hospitalisations, and mortality in adults: findings from a rapid living systematic evidence synthesis and meta-analysis up to December, 2022.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Real-world effectiveness and factors associated with effectiveness of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of heterologous COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Immunogenicity of a fractional or full third dose of AZD1222 vaccine or BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine after two doses of CoronaVac vaccines against the Delta and Omicron variants.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Trial
- A predictive model for rapid assessment of protective efficacy against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Vaxzevria) primary series vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 beta and delta variants: a nationwide study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Intensity of public health and social measures are associated with effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in test-negative study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Beyond the Pandemic Era: Recent Advances and Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Against Emerging Variants of Concern.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination in Thailand: Averted Deaths and Severe Infections Across Age Groups.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Durability of the Effectiveness of Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccine Regimens in Thailand: Retrospective Cohort Study Using National Registration Data.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
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- Article
- Article
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose in the Thai Setting during the Period of Omicron Variant Predominance.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Learning from pandemic responses: Informing a resilient and equitable health system recovery in Thailand.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Prevalence, risk factors, and vaccine effectiveness of COVID-19 infection in thai children, adolescents, and young adults in the omicron era.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Breakthrough infections, hospital admissions, and mortality after major COVID-19 vaccination profiles: A prospective cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective of this study is to explore the real-world effectiveness of various vaccine regimens to tackle the epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant in Thailand during September-December 2021. We applied a test-negative case control study, using nationwide records of people tested for SARS-CoV-2. Each case was matched with two controls with respect to age, detection date, and specimen collection site. A conditional logistic regression was performed. Results were presented in the form vaccine effectiveness (VE) and 95% confidence interval. A total of 1,460,458 observations were analyzed. Overall, the two-dose heterologous prime-boost, ChAdOx1 + BNT162b2 and CoronaVac + BNT162b2, manifested the largest protection level (79.9% (74.0-84.5%) and 74.7% (62.8-82.8%)) and remained stable over the whole study course. The three-dose schedules (CoronaVac + CoronaVac + ChAdOx1, and CoronaVac + CoronaVac + BNT162b2) expressed very high degree of VE estimate (above 80.0% at any time interval). Concerning severe infection, almost all regimens displayed very high VE estimate. For the two-dose schedules, heterologous prime-boost regimens seemed to have slightly better protection for severe infection relative to homologous regimens. Campaigns to expedite the rollout of third-dose booster shot should be carried out. Heterologous prime-boost regimens should be considered as an option to enhance protection for the entire population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.