ReviewVaccines2022
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Inequity in Routine Childhood Vaccination Coverage: A Systematic Review.
Review in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association of gross domestic product with equitable access to childhood vaccines in 195 countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- How the COVID-19 pandemic affected routine child vaccination: an integrative review.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the timeliness of pertussis-containing vaccination: A cohort study in Shanghai, China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Understanding Vaccine Hesitancy: Insights and Improvement Strategies Drawn from a Multi-Study Review.Vaccines · 2025Review
- COVID-19 and regional inequalities in childhood vaccination uptake in England: a spline regression.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The impact COVID-19 pandemic on coverage and inequalities in childhood immunization in Peru.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Persistence of major socio-economic inequalities in childhood measles-mumps-rubella vaccination coverage and timeliness under vaccination mandates, France, 2015 to 2024.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Determinants of Ukrainian Mothers' Intentions to Vaccinate Their Children in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Trends and disparities in birth vaccination in the United States: a nationwide study.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2025Article
- The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vaccinations in United States primary care practices.PloS one · 2025Article
- Childhood vaccination trends during 2019 to 2022 in Tanzania and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Article
- Trends in Vaccination Coverage among Children Aged 2-6 Years in Tennessee Counties, 2017-2023.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- A new neonatal BCG vaccination pathway in England: a mixed methods evaluation of its implementation.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Vaccination Coverage in Latin America and the Caribbean.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- Effectiveness of provider communication training for increasing human papillomavirus vaccine initiation at a safety-net health system.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Has COVID-19 Affected DTP3 Vaccination in the Americas?Vaccines · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRoutine childhood vaccination coverage rates fell in many countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the impact of inequity on coverage is unknown.
methodsWe synthesised evidence on inequities in routine childhood vaccination coverage (PROSPERO, CRD 42021257431). Studies reporting empirical data on routine vaccination coverage in children 0-18 years old during the COVID-19 pandemic by equity stratifiers were systematically reviewed. Nine electronic databases were searched between 1 January 2020 and 18 January 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Tool for Cohort Studies. Overall, 91 of 1453 studies were selected for full paper review, and thirteen met the inclusion criteria.
resultsThe narrative synthesis found moderate evidence for inequity in reducing the vaccination coverage of children during COVID-19 lockdowns and moderately strong evidence for an increase in inequity compared with pre-pandemic months (before March 2020). Two studies reported higher rates of inequity among children aged less than one year, and one showed higher inequity rates in middle- compared with high-income countries.
conclusionsEvidence from a limited number of studies shows the effect of the pandemic on vaccine coverage inequity. Research from more countries is required to assess the global effect on inequity in coverage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.