ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Validation of Earphone-Type Sensors for Non-Invasive and Objective Swallowing Function Assessment.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Multimodal In-Ear Audio and Physiological Dataset for Swallowing and Non-Verbal Event Classification.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Advancements and Challenges in Non-Invasive Sensor Technologies for Swallowing Assessment: A Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Earable Ω (OMEGA): A Novel Clenching Interface Using Ear Canal Sensing for Human Metacarpophalangeal Joint Control by Functional Electrical Stimulation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Standard methods for swallowing function evaluation are videofluoroscopy (VF) and videoendoscopy, which are invasive and have test limitations. We examined the use of an earphone-type sensor to noninvasively evaluate soft palate movement in comparison with VF. Six healthy adults wore earphone sensors and swallowed barium water while being filmed by VF. A light-emitting diode at the sensor tip irradiated infrared light into the ear canal, and a phototransistor received the reflected light to detect changes in ear canal movement, including that of the eardrum. Considering that the soft palate movement corresponded to the sensor waveform, a Bland-Altman analysis was performed on the difference in time recorded by each measurement method. The average difference between the time taken from the most downward retracted position before swallowing to the most upward position during swallowing of the soft palate in VF was -0.01 ± 0.14 s. The Bland-Altman analysis showed no fixed or proportional error. The minimal detectable change was 0.28 s. This is the first noninvasive swallowing function evaluation through the ear canal. The earphone-type sensor enabled us to measure the time from the most retracted to the most raised soft palate position during swallowing and validated this method for clinical application.
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Registered trials
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