ArticlePharmaceutics2022
Dual-Drug Loaded Separable Microneedles for Efficient Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dissolving microneedles for nucleic acid delivery: A systematic search, review, and data synthesis.Acta biomaterialia · 2025Pooled it
- The dual balance of the cytokine network: key messengers of immune activation and triggers of cytokine storm.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Advances of microneedle technology for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle Delivery Systems in Rheumatoid Arthritis: More Than Vehicles.Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026Review
- Microneedle-based transdermal delivery systems for metabolic bone diseases: advances, challenges, and future perspectives.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology-empowered combination therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: principles, strategies, and challenges.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Dissolving and Swelling Hydrogel-Based Microneedles: An Overview of Their Materials, Fabrication, Characterization Methods, and Challenges.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Co-Delivery of Loxoprofen and Tofacitinib by Photothermal Microneedles for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although the inhibitors of the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) have achieved a certain success in the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), great effort should be made to overcome side effects and to improve patient compliance. The present research aimed to address these problems by the co-delivery of tocilizumab (TCZ)-an inhibitor of IL-6R-and an aptamer Apt1-67, which specifically inhibits TNF receptor 1 via separable microneedles (MN). MN were featured with a sustained release of TCZ from needle tips and a rapid release of Apt1-67 from needle bodies by using methacrylate groups grafted hyaluronic acid as the fillings of needle tips and polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone as the fillings of needle bodies. Our results demonstrated that TCZ and Apt1-67 were distributed in MN as expected, and they could be released to the surroundings in the skin. In vivo studies revealed that combined medication via MN (TCZ/Apt1-67@MN) was superior to MN loaded with a single drug. Compared with subcutaneous injection, TCZ/Apt1-67@MN was of great advantage in inhibiting bone erosion and alleviating symptoms of CIA mice. This study not only provides a novel approach for combined medication with different release properties but also supplies a strategy for improving drug efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.