ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Selective COX-2 Inhibitors: Road from Success to Controversy and the Quest for Repurposing.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the efficacy and safety of selective COX-2 inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of intravenous acetaminophen on postoperative shivering: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- The Efficacy and Safety of Celecoxib in Addition to Standard Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Pooled it
- Mitochondria-mediated anticancer effects of two previously characterized COX-2 inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Efficiency of NSAIDs in preventing prosthetic joint infections (PJIs): inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by etoricoxib through down regulation of bacterial adhesion genes.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Aspirin as a neuroprotective scaffold in Alzheimer's disease: inflammation, oxidative stress, and future directions.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Computational strategies for unraveling insights from known inhibitors for further lead optimization: A case study on Celecoxib analogues.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pyrazole Derivatives as Selective COX-2 Inhibitors: An Updated Review.Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Identification of drug-related cardiovascular risks: A comprehensive analysis using the FAERS database (2004-2024).PloS one · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in the Therapeutic Prospective of Heterocyclic Derivatives as COX-2 Inhibitors (2019-Present).Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Imrecoxib Across Diverse Pain Conditions: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study of 30,214 Patients.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Celecoxib Combined with Gabapentin for Head and Facial Pain in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Design and pharmacological assessment of naproxen-ibuprofen linked NSAIDs as selective COX-2 modulators in inflammatory pathways.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Article
- Next-generation microneedle platforms for site-specific management of diabetic neuropathy.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Effects on Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cell Lines and Their Mechanisms of Pyrazole N-Aryl Sulfonate: A Novel Class of Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS): More than an inducible enzyme? Rethinking the classification of NOS isoforms.Pharmacological research · 2025Review
- Where Do We Stand in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis Ahead of EULAR/ACR 2025?Clinics and practice · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The introduction of selective COX-2 inhibitors (so-called 'coxibs') has demonstrated tremendous commercial success due to their claimed lower potential of serious gastrointestinal adverse effects than traditional NSAIDs. However, following the repeated questioning on safety concerns, the coxibs 'controversial me-too' saga increased substantially, inferring to the risk of cardiovascular complications, subsequently leading to the voluntary withdrawal of coxibs (e.g., rofecoxib and valdecoxib) from the market. For instance, the makers (Pfizer and Merck) had to allegedly settle individual claims of cardiovascular hazards from celecoxib and valdecoxib. Undoubtedly, the lessons drawn from this saga revealed the flaws in drug surveillance and regulation, and taught science to pursue a more integrated translational approach for data acquisition and interpretation, prompting science-based strategies of risk avoidance in order to sustain the value of such drugs, rather than their withdrawal. Looking forward, coxibs are now being studied for repurposing, given their possible implications in the management of a myriad of diseases, including cancer, epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, obesity, Alzheimer's disease, and so on. This article briefly summarizes the development of COX-2 inhibitors to their market impression, followed by the controversy related to their toxicity. In addition, the events recollected in hindsight (the past lessons), the optimistic step towards drug repurposing (the present), and the potential for forthcoming success (the future) are also discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.