ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Metabolic Action of Metformin.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metformin Modulates Ferroptosis-Related and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Brown Adipose Tissue.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Metabolomic Insights on Obesity and Diabetes from Feeding Diets Varying in Carbohydrate-Fat Ratios in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) and Lean Zucker (ZInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Investigation of metformin analogues in targeting signaling molecules of head and neck cancer pathways by computational approaches.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Metformin as an Innate Immune Modulator: Metabolic and Epigenetic Reprogramming of Innate Immune Cells and Therapeutic Implications.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Metformin as a Metabolic Reprogramming Interface in Host-Pathogen and Bone Microenvironment Crosstalk: A Dual-Target Strategy Against Antimicrobial Resistance and Osteoporotic Bone Loss.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Emerging Insights into the Liver-Pancreas Axis: A Central Hub in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Metformin Beyond Glycemic Control: Cardiovascular Protection and Diabetes Prevention.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Sintilimab-related fulminant autoimmune diabetes mellitus manifesting as diabetic ketoacidosis and rare insulin resistance: A case report and literature review.Endocrine journal · 2026Review
- Molecular pathways, tissue-specific roles, and therapeutic opportunities in mitochondrial resilience-based strategies for insulin resistance.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2026Review
- Innovative Biosensor Platforms for the Detection of Metformin in Diabetes Management.International journal of analytical chemistry · 2026Review
- Targeting mitochondrial transporters and metabolic reprogramming for disease treatment.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring possible hub genes of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic network biology study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Iron Deficiency Anemia and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Metformin: A Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2025Review
- New Perspectives on the Molecular Action of Metformin in the Context of Cellular Transduction and Adipogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Functional and Biochemical Analyses of Glycerol Kinase and Glycerol 3-phosphate Dehydrogenase in HEK293 Cells.The protein journal · 2025Article
- Overview of Metformin and Neurodegeneration: A Comprehensive Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Gut Microbiota-Related Antihyperglycemic Effect of Metformin.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interaction of Metformin and Ojeok-san in Healthy Volunteers.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- Metformin Effects on SHIP2, AMPKs and Gut Microbiota: Recent Updates on Pharmacology.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- The role of metformin in tuberculosis control among TB and diabetes mellitus comorbid individuals.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metformin, a cheap and safe biguanide derivative, due to its ability to influence metabolism, is widely used as a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) treatment. Therefore, the aim of this review was to present the updated biochemical and molecular effects exerted by the drug. It has been well explored that metformin suppresses hepatic glucose production in both AMPK-independent and AMPK-dependent manners. Substantial scientific evidence also revealed that its action is related to decreased secretion of lipids from intestinal epithelial cells, as well as strengthened oxidation of fatty acids in adipose tissue and muscles. It was recognized that metformin's supra-therapeutic doses suppress mitochondrial respiration in intestinal epithelial cells, whereas its therapeutic doses elevate cellular respiration in the liver. The drug is also suggested to improve systemic insulin sensitivity as a result of alteration in gut microbiota composition, maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity, and alleviation of low-grade inflammation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.